The synthesis of helium and CNO isotopes in massive stars

We present helium and CNO isotopic yields for massive mass-losing stars in the initial mass range 15M M _i 50M . We investigate their dependence on assumptions about mass loss rates, internal mixing processes, and metallicity, and specify the contributions from stellar winds and from supernova ejecta.     

3He-Rich Solar Energetic Particle Events

³He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events show huge enrichments of ³He and association with kilovolt electrons and Type-III radio bursts. Observations from a new generation of high resolution instruments launched on the Wind, ACE, Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and RHESSI spacecraft have revealed many new properties of these events: the particle energy spectra are found to be either power-law or curved in shape, with the ³He spectrum often being distinctly different from other species. Ultra-heavy nuclei up to >200 amu are found to be routinely present at average enrichments of >200 times solar-system abundances. The high ionization states previously observed near ∼1 MeV/nucleon have been found to decrease towards normal solar coronal values in these events. The source regions have been identified for many events, and are associated with X-ray jets and EUV flares that are associated with magnetic reconnection sites near active regions. This paper reviews the current experimental picture and theoretical models, with emphasis on the new insights found in the last few years.     

CME-geometry and cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype muon detector network

We analyze the cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype network of muon detectors during geomagnetic storms associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The network currently consists of multidirectional surface muon detectors at Nagoya (Japan) and Hobart (Australia), together with a prototype detector at São Martinho (Brazil) which has been in operation since March, 2001. In this report, we analyze the anisotropy recorded in both the muon detector and neutron monitor (the Spaceship Earth) networks and find significant enhancements of cosmic-ray anisotropy during geomagnetic storms. Following the analysis by Bieber and Evenson [Bieber, J.W., Evenson, P. CME geometry in relation to cosmic ray anisotropy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 2955–2958] for the neutron monitor data at 10 GeV, we also derive cosmic-ray density gradients from muon data at higher-energy (50 GeV), possibly reflecting the larger-scale geometry of CMEs causing geomagnetic storms. We particularly find in some events the anisotropy enhancement clearly starting prior to the storm onset in both the muon and neutron data. This is the first result of the CME-geometry derived from simultaneous observations of the anisotropy with networks of multidirectional muon detectors and neutron monitors.     

直管式科氏质量流量计对脉动流响应的研究

弹性测量管的振动特性决定了科氏质量流量计的测量精度.以直管科氏质量流量计为例,初步分析研究了流体脉动对其测量管振动特性的影响.建立了被测流体脉动时测量管振动的数学模型;采用Galerkin法对模型进行了处理,将模型转化为受外激励和参数激励联合作用的有耦合多自由度振动问题;用多尺度法对其进行了分析,给出了脉动流作用下科氏质量流量计测量管振动的主要频率成分,揭示了脉动流作用的机理.所得到的大部分结论与有关文献的实验结果吻合.     

基于项目管理视角的飞机客户化实践

飞机客户化是指对航空公司等客户订购的飞机产品进行构型选择和定义的过程,这需要对飞机客户化的范围和内容、定义载体、工作计划、人员职责、最终交付物、以及潜在的构型变更和风险等进行规划和管控,通过高效的业务流和优良的组织体系进行保障,以提高客户飞机的交付效率,降低延误和计划外成本的风险。因而高效率的客户化过程管控对制造商和客户都非常重要,其可以按照买卖双方约定的交付计划,有节奏的对设计、更改、生产、取证、供应链和库存进行合理安排,确保买卖双方按期保质履行商务合约。通过对飞机客户化要素的分析并结合项目管理的理论和经验,有针对性地论述了国产飞机制造商客户化项目管理的一些实践,以期为促进我国商用飞机产业成功发展提供一些建议。     

多级燃气涡轮的多目标优化方法

将多级燃气涡轮的设计问题表述为其空气动力学损失和质量为极小化目标的多目标非线性数学规划问题。求优中考虑了多种气动与机械约束条件。采用Craig-Cox模型计算气动损失。给出了有关数值算例。     

基于旋转激励作动器的工程振动控制

介绍了振动主动控制中旋转激励作动器的概念,分析了旋转激励作动器的特点。旋转激励作动器具有易集成、低功耗等优点,适用于工程应用,且随着旋转运动的引入能够解决传统直线作动器存在的行程受限问题。对基于旋转激励作动器的振动控制技术在航天、交通运输以及土木工程等不同领域的实验研究及工程应用进行了阐述。最后展望了关于旋转激励作动器的主要研究趋势,以及潜在的应用领域。     

液氮抽真空制冷的理论及试验

在考虑液氮总质量变化、储罐罐体热容的前提下,基于化学势温差,传热系数和传质系数等参数,详细建立了液氮降压制备过冷液氮的数学模型。理论计算的液氮温度及质量变化和制取过冷液氮试验值吻合较好,结果表明:该数学模型能准确描述液氮相变过程,且获得了液氮抽真空制冷中相变传热的化学势温差为1.21 K、传热系数为2 942.37 W/(m2·K)及传质系数为0.004 4 m/s。      

基于变质心控制导弹的运动分析

导弹变质心机动控制通过改变弹头的质心,利用气动配平力矩改变弹头飞行姿态和攻角,从而实现导弹机动控制.本文首次详细推导了基于变质心控制导弹的空间六自由度的动力学方程,并建立了一套完整的仿真系统,针对导弹在垂直平面内运动情况进行仿真,为深入探讨变质心控制弹头的控制机理奠定基础.     

国产高模量碳纤维抗真空紫外辐照性能试验研究

通过地面模拟试验研究了真空紫外辐照对国产BHM3高模量碳纤维质量损失率的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）仪对辐照前后的样品进行微观分析。结果表明,随着真空紫外辐照剂量增加,碳纤维质损率呈现先增加后平缓现象,质量损失率较少;紫外辐照作用前后碳纤维表面形貌和元素组成基本未变,说明其具有良好的抗紫外辐照性能。