涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命可靠性研究

通过对某型航空发动机高压涡轮盘的弹塑性有限元分析,确定危险区域,利用Masson-Coffin公式及Miner线性累积损伤理论计算了涡轮盘在主循环和次循环同时作用时的低循环疲劳寿命。在确定性寿命计算的基础上,考虑参数的随机性,进一步对涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命进行可靠性研究。利用响应面法和Monte Carlo法相结合的方法计算高压涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命的随机响应,并对随机因素进行灵敏度分析,得到影响涡轮盘寿命的主要因素。     

Influence of shock attenuation on tailored operation in free piston shock tunnels

The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.     

过氧化氢分解后燃气喷注压降对发生器非正常熄火的影响

通过试验和数值仿真分析了过氧化氢催化分解后燃气通过同轴喷嘴的喷注压降对过氧化氢/低浓度酒精燃气发生器非正常熄火的影响。研究表明：燃气喷注压降或喷注速度是影响发生器正常工作的重要因素,当燃气喷注压降为1.0MPa时,喷注速度过大,火焰无法在燃烧室内稳定,造成熄火;而当燃气喷注压降为0.2MPa后,喷注速度降低,火焰稳定并维持正常燃烧。     

固体火箭冲压发动机燃气发生器及燃气流量调节阀建模及仿真

研究了一种气动式的燃气流量调节阀,并建立了固体火箭冲压发动机燃气发生器和气动式燃气流量调节阀的数学模型及仿真模型,对燃气流量调节阀仿真模型进行了试验验证,动态误差和稳态误差都在5%以内。通过仿真获得了燃气发生器和燃气调节阀的动态响应特性。仿真结果表明,燃气调节系统开环响应速度较慢,并具有很强的非线性。     

稀释气体流量对低压化学气相沉积硼掺碳涂层的影响

以BCl3-C3H6-H2为气相反应体系,采用低压化学气相沉积制备硼掺碳涂层.研究了Ar气稀释流量对硼掺碳涂层沉积速度、形貌、组成和键合状态的影响.结果表明,不同稀释气体流量作用下,硼掺碳的沉积速度没有明显变化,产物形貌由致密向层状转变,硼元素含量稍有减少而碳元素含量稍有增加.沉积产物中B元素的键合方式以B-sub-C和BC2O为主.结合化学反应和气体扩散,探讨了稀释气体的作用机制,表明PyC形成反应的主导作用导致稀释气体流量对沉积速度作用不明显,而BCl3和C3H6在Ar气中扩散系数的差异导致产物形貌和组成发生变化.     

涡轮叶栅叶尖间隙流实验研究(英文)

This article describes the effects of some factors on the tip clearance flow in axial linear turbine cascades. The measurements of the total pressure loss coefficient are made at the cascade outlets by using a five-hole probe at exit Mach numbers of 0.10, 0.14 and 0.19. At each exit Mach number, experiments are performed at the tip clearance heights of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of the blade height. The effects of the non-uniform tip clearance height of each blade in the pitchwise direction are also studied. The results show that at a given tip clearance height, generally, total pressure loss rises with exit Mach numbers proportionally. At a fixed exit Mach number, the total pressure loss augments nearly proportionally as the tip clearance height increases. The increased tip clearance heights in the tip regions of two adjacent blades are to be blame for the larger clearance loss of the center blade. Compared to the effects of the tip clearance height, the effects of the exit Mach number and the pitchwise variation of the tip clearance height on the cascade total pressure loss are so less significant to be omitted.     

基于网格重生成的涡轮叶片变形传递方法

在涡轮叶片多学科优化中需要在气动模型和结构模型之间进行耦合信息(气压、温度和变形等数据)传递,来考虑学科耦合的性质.采用修正几何外形和网格重生成的方法实现了叶片结构变形向气动模型传递.传递时在叶片几何模型上增加若干外形控制线,叶片的外形由这些控制线的形状来决定.根据叶片结构变形,调整控制线节点位置坐标,以修改叶片外形控制线的形状,可以实现变形向叶片几何模型的传递.进一步,重新生成气动网格,可以得到结构变形后叶片的气动网格模型.      

射流襟翼-低压涡轮叶栅主动流动控制数值研究

针对PAK-B低压涡轮叶型,基于耦合了Langtry-Menter转捩模型的Menter's SSTk-ω两方程模型,数值研究了不同流动状态下射流襟翼的流动控制机理.计算结果表明,射流襟翼能够有效控制PAK-B叶型失速流动状态下的损失,当射流流量百分数为2%,能量损失系数较无射流襟翼控制状态时下降40%;同时,气流转折角增大5%;影响并使主流进口质量流量减小10%,对于叶型未失速流动,控制不一定有效.结果还表明,射流襟翼能够推迟相邻叶型吸力面边界层转捩,从而延迟分离流动再附.      

气体润滑轴承-转子系统非线性动力学特征的实验

对高速气体润滑轴承转子系统进行了稳定性试验研究.通过轴心轨迹、频率耦合三维图、频谱和分叉图,分析了系统非线性行为特征.实验证明气体润滑轴承-转子系统中的气膜涡动是系统非线性失稳的主要原因,气膜涡动导致的倍周期分叉是系统进入混沌振动的必由途径.通过调整系统固有频率和气膜润滑涡动频率之间的耦合关系,使得失稳转速远离设计转速;以及利用试验中所证实的混沌"有界"性质,有效的控制振幅,将是提高转子-轴承系统非线性稳定性的新途径.      

涡轮叶片锯齿冠结构设计的实践与思考

涡轮叶片锯齿冠的设计对于保证发动机的可靠性、寿命和安全至关重要。简要介绍了锯齿冠结构设计的指导思想、技术要求、依据和程序;重点分析了中国自行研制的某型高性能加力式双转子涡轮喷气发动机低压涡轮锯齿冠结构设计的特点,并进行了试车考核,收到了良好效果。