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221.
Radar Imaging of Mercury 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John K. Harmon 《Space Science Reviews》2007,132(2-4):307-349
Earth-based radar has been one of the few, and one of the most important, sources of new information about Mercury during
the three decades since the Mariner 10 encounters. The emphasis during the past 15 years has been on full-disk, dual-polarization
imaging of the planet, an effort that has been facilitated by the development of novel radar techniques and by improvements
in radar systems. Probably the most important result of the imaging work has been the discovery and mapping of radar-bright
features at the poles. The radar scattering properties of these features, and their confinement to permanently shaded crater
floors, is consistent with volume backscatter from a low-loss volatile such as clean water ice. Questions remain, however,
regarding the source and long-term stability of the putative ice, which underscores the need for independent confirmation
by other observational methods. Radar images of the non-polar regions have also revealed a plethora of bright features, most
of which are associated with fresh craters and their ejecta. Several very large impact features, with rays and other bright
ejecta spreading over distances of 1,000 km or more, have been traced to source craters with diameters of 80–125 km. Among
these large rayed features are some whose relative faintness suggests that they are being observed in an intermediate stage
of degradation. Less extended ray/ejecta features have been found for some of the freshest medium-size craters such as Kuiper
and Degas. Much more common are smaller (<40 km diameter) fresh craters showing bright rim-rings but little or no ray structure.
These smaller radar-bright craters are particularly common over the H-7 quadrangle. Diffuse areas of enhanced depolarized
brightness have been found in the smooth plains, including the circum-Caloris planitiae and Tolstoj Basin. This is an interesting
finding, as it is the reverse of the albedo contrast seen between the radar-dark maria and the radar-bright cratered highlands
on the Moon. 相似文献
222.
针对纹理图像的去噪问题,通过分析全变分(TV)去噪模型与方向全变分(DTV)去噪模型,提出了一种具有鲁棒性的基于 的DTV去噪模型。为了刻画图像中的不同结构特征,该模型中DTV正则项的指数p 由图像的结构来确定在(0,2)中自适应地选取。由于该模型是含有可分性算子的非光滑优化问题,可用交替方向乘子法(ADMM)求解,并能保证算法的收敛性。数值实验结果表明:与其他经典模型相比,提出的模型取得了更高的峰值信噪比和结构相似度,在去除噪声的同时能有效保持图像的细节信息。 相似文献
223.
针对遥感影像中类别不均衡的小目标分割效果不理想的问题,提出了一种类别不均衡小目标二分类分割的损失函数——TopPixelLoss损失函数。首先计算出每个像素的交叉熵,然后将所有像素的交叉熵按从大到小进行排序,随后确定一个K值作为阈值,筛选出前K个交叉熵最大的像素,最后对于筛选出的K个像素交叉熵取平均,做为损失值。在ISPRS 提供的 Vaihingen 数据集上,使用PSPNet网络与普通交叉熵、FocalLoss、TopPixelLoss三种损失函数分别对车辆进行二分类分割试验。结果表明,不同的K值,使用TopPixelLoss损失函数的平均交并比(MIoU)、F1-score、准确度(ACC)都最高;当K值为5×104时效果最佳,MIoU、F1-score、ACC分别比FocalLoss提高了3.0%、5.0%、0.1%。TopPixelLoss损失函数是一种针对类别不均衡分割非常有效的损失函数 相似文献
224.
M. Naim A. Ali Pacha C. Serief 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(7):2077-2103
With the rapid growth of the number of Earth observation satellite (EOS) supporting critical applications, it is required to improve the security techniques to protect the sensitive data and images during the transmission between the satellites and the ground stations. This paper introduces a new satellite image encryption algorithm based on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) generator, SHA 512 hash function, hyperchaotic systems, and Josephus problem. LFSR generates a matrix that is used to construct the 512-bits value of the hash function. These bits are used to set the initial values and parameters of the proposed encryption algorithm. Firstly, the six dimensions (6-D) hyperchaotic system is divided into three parts, where every two equations are considered as one part. Secondly, the 1-D hyperchaotic logistic-tent system is considered as the controller to select one part. The selected part is used to generate a matrix that is XORed with the original image. Thirdly, the scrambling operation by Josephus sequences is applied to the output of the previous step by scrambling the rows and the columns according to the selected part to produce the pre-encrypted image. Finally, if the number of iterations is less than the required number which is considered as a parameter of the secret key, the previous operations will be repeated in the pre-encrypted image; otherwise, the pre-encrypted image is considered as the final cipher image. Experimental and analyses results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in terms of high level of security, large enough key-space, tolerance to Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as low time complexity. 相似文献
225.
《中国航空学报》2020,33(10):2527-2534
Studies on the high-lift mechanisms of butterfly gliding flights shed light on the design of the micro air vehicles. The flow field around a simplified Danaus plexippus model is investigated using the hydrogen bubble visualization and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. There are three near-wall topological patterns with different Angles of Attack (AoAs): the separation bubble, the Leading-Edge Vortex (LEV) and the high AoAs flow. For the separation bubble pattern, two saddles and two foci form in the middle of the model. The features of the LEV pattern are the leading-edge separation lines. The topological characteristics of the separation lines are changed by the interaction between the LEV and the Wing-Tip Vortex (WTV). For the high AoAs flow pattern, four unstable foci are found at the forewing and the hindwing respectively. The angle between the trajectory of the WTV and the model increases with increasing AoA even though the slope of the WTV angle versus AoA curve declines at the moderate AoAs. 相似文献
226.
Qiang Zhang Qile Zhao 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(3):1214-1226
Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map. 相似文献
227.
M. Pietrella A. Pignalberi M. Pezzopane A. Pignatelli A. Azzarone R. Rizzi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(10):2569-2584
Three-dimensional (3-D) electron density matrices, computed in the Mediterranean area by the IRI climatological model and IRIEup and ISP nowcasting models, during some intense and severe geomagnetic-ionospheric storms, were ingested by the ray tracing software tool IONORT, to synthesize quasi-vertical ionograms. IRIEup model was run in different operational modes: (1) assimilating validated autoscaled electron density profiles only from a limited area which, in our case, is the Mediterranean sector (IRIEup_re(V) mode); (2) assimilating electron density profiles from a larger region including several stations spread across Europe: (a) without taking care of validating the autoscaled data in the assimilation process (IRIEup(NV)); (b) validating carefully the autoscaled electron density profiles before their assimilation (IRIEup(V)).The comparative analysis was carried out comparing IRI, IRIEup_re(V), ISP, IRIEup(NV), and IRIEup(V) foF2 synthesized values, with corresponding foF2 measurements autoscaled by ARTIST, and then validated, at the truth sites of Roquetes (40.80°N, 0.50°E, Spain), San Vito (40.60°N, 17.80°E, Italy), Athens (38.00°N, 23.50°E, Greece), and Nicosia, (35.03°N, 33.16°E, Cyprus). The outcomes demonstrate that: (1) IRIEup_re(V), performs better than ISP in the western Mediterranean (around Roquetes); (2) ISP performs slightly better than IRIEup_re(V) in the central part of Mediterranean (around Athens and San Vito); (3) ISP performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one in the eastern Mediterranean (around Nicosia); (4) IRIEup(NV) performance is worse than the IRIEup(V) one; (5) in the central Mediterranean area, IRIEup(V) performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one, and it is practically the same for the western and eastern sectors.Concerning the overall performance, nowcasting models proved to be considerably more reliable than the climatological IRI model to represent the ionosphere behaviour during geomagnetic-ionospheric storm conditions; ISP and IRIEup(V) provided the best performance, but neither of them has clearly prevailed over the other one. 相似文献
228.
王婧妮 《长沙航空职业技术学院学报》2014,14(4):86-88
从符号学角度出发,以我国饮料广告中女性形象为分析对象,进行解析,提出女性形象的新类型,并从符号学角度对其所指、能指进行了解读。 相似文献
229.
230.
设计提出了 1种针对高光谱图像分类任务的 3D-MSCNN模型。在 PCA降维的基础上,利用 3D空谱特征提 取网络和 2D多尺度特征提取网络实现高光谱图像特征提取,充分发挥高光谱图像空谱信息价值,增强对不同尺度 地表覆盖的表达能力。最后,利用 Softmax分类损失函数实现高光谱图像分类任务。实验结果表明,本文算法在 In. dian Pines和 Pavia University数据集上都取得了较好的分类效果。与 CD-CNN、3D-CNN、SS-Net和 HybirdSN等方法相 比,本文算法能够有效提升总体精度、平均精度和 Kappa系数等客观评价指标。 相似文献