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951.
952.
The main effects caused by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are analyzed in cases of supersonic solar wind flow around
magnetized planets (like Earth) and nonmagnetized (like Venus) planets. The IMF has a relatively weak strength in the solar
wind but it is enhanced considerably in the so-called plasma depletion layer or magnetic barrier in the vicinity of the streamlined
obstacle (magnetopause of a magnetized planet, or ionopause of a nonmagnetized planet). For magnetized planets, the magnetic
barrier is a source of free magnetic energy for magnetic reconnection in cases of large magnetic shear at the magnetopause.
For nonmagnetized planets, mass loading of the ionospheric particles is very important. The new created ions are accelerated
by the electric field related to the IMF, and thus they gain energy from the solar wind plasma. These ions form the boundary
layer within the magnetic barrier. This mass loading process affects considerably the profiles of the magnetic field and plasma
parameters in the flow region. 相似文献
953.
954.
申儒林 《航空精密制造技术》2006,42(2):56-59
根据硬盘磁头加工的特点,分析了抛光机的运动学特性及抛光盘、抛光液、磨粒在抛光过程中的摩擦学行为等对磁头表面质量的影响。 相似文献
955.
J. Büchner 《Space Science Reviews》2006,122(1-4):149-160
Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona, in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection.
Unfortunately, sufficiently thin current sheets cannot be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an
unresolved issue as well. We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations, both based on geometrical or even
topological properties of a force-free coronal magnetic field. First, there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls. Through
separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. Coronal magnetic nulls are, however, very rare. Second, inspired
by the concept of generalized magnetic reconnection without nulls, quasi-separatrix layers (QSL) were suggested. Through QSL
the magnetic connectivity changes continuously, though strongly. The strength of the connectivity change can be quantified
by measuring the squashing of the flux tubes which connect the magnetically conjugated photospheres.
We verify the QSL and separatrix concepts by comparing the sites of magnetic nulls and enhanced squashing with the location
of current concentrations in the corona. Due to the known difficulties of their direct observation, we simulated coronal current
sheets by numerically calculating the response of the corona to energy input from the photosphere, heating a simultaneously
observed Extreme Ultraviolet Bright Point. We did not find coronal current sheets at separatrices but at several QSL locations.
The reason is that, although the geometrical properties of force-free extrapolated magnetic fields can indeed hint at possible
current concentrations, a necessary condition for current sheet formation is the local energy input into the corona. 相似文献
956.
Our current understanding of the acceleration of solar-energetic particles is reviewed. The emphasis in this paper is on analytic
theory and numerical modeling of the physics of diffusive shock acceleration. This mechanism naturally produces an energy
spectrum that is a power law over a given energy interval that is below a characteristic energy where the spectrum has a break,
or a rollover. This power law is a common feature in the observations of all types of solar-energetic particles, and not necessarily just those associated with shock waves (e.g. events associated with
impulsive solar flares which are often described in terms of resonant stochastic acceleration). Moreover, the spectral index
is observed to have remarkably little variability from one event to the next (about 50%). Any successful acceleration mechanism
must be able to produce this feature naturally and have a resulting power-law index that does not depend on physical parameters
that are expected to vary considerably. Currently, only diffusive shock acceleration does this. 相似文献
957.
J. Büchner 《Space Science Reviews》2006,124(1-4):345-360
Reconnection is a major commonality of solar and magnetospheric physics. It was conjectured by Giovanelli in 1946 to explain
particle acceleration in solar flares near magnetic neutral points. Since than it has been broadly applied in space physics
including magnetospheric physics. In a special way this is due to Harry Petschek, who in 1994 published his ground breaking
solution for a 2D magnetized plasma flow in regions containing singularities of vanishing magnetic field. Petschek’s reconnection
theory was questioned in endless disputes and arguments, but his work stimulated the further investigation of this phenomenon
like no other. However, there are questions left open. We consider two of them – “anomalous” resistivity in collisionless
space plasma and the nature of reconnection in three dimensions. The CLUSTER and SOHO missions address these two aspects of
reconnection in a complementary way -- the resistivity problem in situ in the magnetosphere and the 3D aspect by remote sensing of the Sun. We demonstrate that the search for answers to both questions
leads beyond the applicability of analytical theories and that appropriate numerical approaches are necessary to investigate
the essentially nonlinear and nonlocal processes involved. Necessary are both micro-physical, kinetic Vlasov-equation based
methods of investigation as well as large scale (MHD) simulations to obtain the geometry and topology of the acting fields
and flows. 相似文献
958.
Helioseismology uses solar p-mode oscillations to probe the structure of the solar interior. The modifications of p-mode properties
due to the presence of solar magnetic fields provide information on the magnetic fields in the solar interior. Here we review
some of results in helioseismology on the magnetic fields in the solar convection zone. We will also discuss a recent result
on the magnetic fields at the base of the convection zone.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
959.
神舟飞船生长GaMnSb材料过程及性能分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用神舟3号飞船(SZ-3)上的多样品空间晶体炉制备出GaMnSb材料.所设计的石英安瓿使用氧化铝棉毡和特殊设计制造的氮化硼坩锅进行减震,经受住了严峻的力学环境的考验,完成了材料的空间生长实验,达到了空间生长材料的初步要求.对空间生长的GaMnSb晶体进行了X射线能谱分析和X射线衍射分析,发现空间生长的GaMnSb是多晶结构.对未获得GaMnSb单晶的原因进行了分析,发现空间晶体炉温度的波动和提供能量的不足是导致生成GaMnSb多晶结构的主要原因.由于在晶体生长的初始阶段晶体炉提供的能量不足,使GaSb单晶部分未能熔化,从而导致GaMnSb材料的生长在没有籽晶的情况下进行. 相似文献
960.
I.S. Veselovsky V. Bothmer P. Cargill A.V. Dmitriev K.G. Ivanov E. Romashets A.N. Zhukov O.S. Yakovchouk 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,36(12):2460-2464
Times of sustained strong northward IMF can interrupt the magnetic storm development and lead to lower levels of geomagnetic activity for many hours. During 1997–2000 we have found two events of this kind observed on November 8, 1998 and October 13, 2000. In both cases, the storms started as usual after arrival of ejecta with a southward IMF component from the Sun to the Earth, but ceased after several hours due to the onset of sustained northward IMF leading to the faster recovery process. After the passage of this so-called positive domain, the storm development started again. The heliospheric magnetic field intensity remained enhanced and nearly constant. The solar origins of the geomagnetic storm interruptions have been investigated. Tentatively they may be related to strong nonlinear Alfvйn type solitary waves excited by non-stationary coronal current variations with a characteristic time-scale of about a day. 相似文献