The Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator Target: Mass Fractionation Characterised by Neon Isotopes

The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing ²⁰Ne/²²Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome these disagreements.     

The Origin of Mercury’s Internal Magnetic Field

Mariner 10 measurements proved the existence of a large-scale internal magnetic field on Mercury. The observed field amplitude, however, is too weak to be compatible with typical convective planetary dynamos. The Lorentz force based on an extrapolation of Mariner 10 data to the dynamo region is 10⁻⁴ times smaller than the Coriolis force. This is at odds with the idea that planetary dynamos are thought to work in the so-called magnetostrophic regime, where Coriolis force and Lorentz force should be of comparable magnitude. Recent convective dynamo simulations reviewed here seem to resolve this caveat. We show that the available convective power indeed suffices to drive a magnetostrophic dynamo even when the heat flow though Mercury’s core–mantle boundary is subadiabatic, as suggested by thermal evolution models. Two possible causes are analyzed that could explain why the observations do not reflect a stronger internal field. First, toroidal magnetic fields can be strong but are confined to the conductive core, and second, the observations do not resolve potentially strong small-scale contributions. We review different dynamo simulations that promote either or both effects by (1) strongly driving convection, (2) assuming a particularly small inner core, or (3) assuming a very large inner core. These models still fall somewhat short of explaining the low amplitude of Mariner 10 observations, but the incorporation of an additional effect helps to reach this goal: The subadiabatic heat flow through Mercury’s core–mantle boundary may cause the outer part of the core to be stably stratified, which would largely exclude convective motions in this region. The magnetic field, which is small scale, strong, and very time dependent in the lower convective part of the core, must diffuse through the stagnant layer. Here, the electromagnetic skin effect filters out the more rapidly varying high-order contributions and mainly leaves behind the weaker and slower varying dipole and quadrupole components (Christensen in Nature 444:1056–1058, 2006). Messenger and BepiColombo data will allow us to discriminate between the various models in terms of the magnetic fields spatial structure, its degree of axisymmetry, and its secular variation.     

高转矩密度磁力齿轮的拓扑结构设计与性能比较

永磁行星齿轮和同轴永磁齿轮是两类具有不同拓扑结构和运行原理的磁力齿轮,采用定量设计比较法设计了具有相同有效体积和永磁体用量的上述两类磁齿轮,并通过有限元分析法对二者的转矩传递性能进行比较研究。研究结果表明,永磁行星齿轮较同轴永磁齿轮有更高的转矩密度和更低的转矩脉动。此外,由于永磁行星齿轮具有更加灵活的运行模式,并且能实现功率分流,使其在混合动力汽车领域有很好的应用前景。加工了一台永磁行星齿轮样机,并搭建试验平台进行了相关的试验,结果表明了该拓扑结构的有效性。     

(100)/(111)面金刚石膜抗氧等离子刻蚀能力

使用微波等离子体技术(microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition,MPCVD)对膜厚100μm的(100)和(111)晶面金刚石膜进行刻蚀处理,研究其抗氧等离子体的行为。结果表明:(100)晶面刻蚀首先发生在晶棱晶界处,而(111)晶面金刚石的刻蚀首先发生在晶面处;30 min刻蚀后,(100)面金刚石有明显晶面显现,(111)面金刚石膜晶面不明显;60 min刻蚀后,(100)和(111)晶面金刚石膜的择优取向消失;(100)晶面金刚石特征峰的半高宽值(full width at the half maximum,FWHM)由刻蚀前的8.51 cm^–1上升至刻蚀后的12.48 cm^–1,(111)晶面金刚石FWHM值由8.74 cm^–1上升至148.49 cm^–1;(100)晶面金刚石膜刻蚀速率在40 min时为0.35μm/min,60 min时上升至1.34μm/min;刻蚀前期,(100)晶面金刚石膜具有更好的抗氧等离子体刻蚀能力,刻蚀后期其抗刻蚀能力与(111)晶面金刚石膜相似。     

空气辅助喷射闪急沸腾喷雾特性试验

在定容弹内利用高速相机和相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）研究了环境压力和燃油温度对空气辅助喷射系统喷雾特性的影响。试验环境压力的变化范围为0.01MPa到0.1MPa,燃油温度的变化范围为25℃到100℃。试验结果表明:随着环境压力的减小,燃油喷雾逐渐从冷态过渡到闪急沸腾状态,在喷嘴出口处喷雾气泡急剧增加。当环境压力小于0.02MPa时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,液滴速度增加,粒径减小,在喷雾近端出现喷雾膨胀现象;随着燃油温度的上升,液滴表面张力减小,液滴易于破碎。当燃油温度达到100℃时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,喷雾远端出现喷雾膨胀现象。      

模块化永磁直线游标电机等效磁网络及漏磁分析

在模块化永磁直线游标电机的初始设计及优化设计中,使用有限元方法(FEM)计算漏磁系数时需要耗费大量的建模和计算时间。针对这一问题,建立该种电机的等效磁网络模型,在建模期间,考虑气隙中的边缘效应,并计算永磁体组与定子齿在不同相对位置时的等效磁导,得到该种电机在一个周期内不同相对位置时的漏磁磁导和漏磁系数的数学解析表达式。采用FEM验证了该数学解析表达式的准确性。研究结果为模块化永磁直线游标电机的设计提供了理论依据。     

气氢/气氧同轴剪切单喷嘴燃烧室壁面热流计算与分析

以气氢/气氧为推进剂,采用数值模拟方法,研究了同轴剪切喷嘴设计参数——氢氧速度比和氧压降比对单喷嘴燃烧室内燃烧过程和壁面热载的影响,并将绝热壁面条件、等温壁面条件的计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:氢氧速度比增大,燃烧性能提高,壁面热载增加;氧压降比增大,燃烧性能下降,壁面热载减小;相比采用壁面绝热燃气温度,采用热流预示燃烧室壁面热载与真实情况更为接近.      

喷油杆与凹腔支板稳定器近距匹配雾化特性

以水和煤油为雾化介质,采用马尔文激光粒度仪研究了来流马赫数为0.16~0.24、喷雾压差为0.30~0.90MPa、喷油杆与凹腔支板稳定器间隔为31.5mm且顺喷时液雾在轴向不同位置处的雾化特性.研究结果表明:液滴索太尔平均直径(SMD)随来流马赫数增大而减小,随喷雾压差升高而减小,但凹腔支板稳定器下游远方截面的液滴SMD在主流区对马赫数不敏感,在回流区对喷雾压差不敏感.此外,喷油杆下游液滴SMD沿轴向逐渐减小,沿径向在主流区逐渐增大,在回流区逐渐减小.      

捷变频磁控管用高频直线振荡电机设计

捷变频磁控管的快速捷变特性取决于驱动电机的性能,要求电机功耗小、体积小、效率高,能实现高频稳幅直线振动.文章介绍了音圈直线电机、电磁开关式直线电机和电磁混合式直线电机等三种方案,通过对其工作原理和性能特点分析,确定了音圈直线电机驱动方案,进行了电磁场仿真分析和电磁参数设计,进行了样机试验测试.结果表明,设计的音圈直线电...     

惯性仪表中磁悬浮元件磁芯材料对其性能的影响

本文阐述了惯性仪表中磁悬浮元件的工作原理,分析了材料特性对磁悬浮元件性能的影响。通过对由性能差异较大的材料制成的磁悬浮元件进行参数测试,测试的结果验证了分析的正确性,为磁悬浮元件设计中的材料选用提出了有益的参考。