Geoeffectivity of Coronal Mass Ejections

Coronal mass ejections and post-shock streams driven by them are the most efficient drivers of strong magnetospheric activity, magnetic storms. For this reason there is considerable interest in trying to make reliable forecasts for the effects of CMEs as much in advance as possible. To succeed this requires understanding of all aspects related to CMEs, starting from their emergence on the Sun to their propagation to the vicinity of the Earth and to effects within the magnetosphere. In this article we discuss some recent results on the geoeffectivity of different types of CME/shock structures. A particularly intriguing observation is that smoothly rotating magnetic fields within CMEs are most efficient in driving storm activity seen in the inner magnetosphere due to enhanced ring current, whereas the sheath regions between the shock and the ejecta tend to favour high-latitude activity.     

更替某型飞机电压限定器的研究

文章在介绍某型电压限定器工作原理的基础上,阐述了利用集成电路技术和自动控制技术进行该型电压限定器国产化研制的方法,给出了电压限定器探测及延时电路、均衡控制电路、防止误动作保护电路的详细设计方案,解决了激磁控制、均衡控制、故障鉴别等国产化研制过程中遇到的问题,保证了新研制产品与原有进口产品的可互换使用,提高了设备的工作可靠性。     

The Origin of Mercury’s Internal Magnetic Field

Mariner 10 measurements proved the existence of a large-scale internal magnetic field on Mercury. The observed field amplitude, however, is too weak to be compatible with typical convective planetary dynamos. The Lorentz force based on an extrapolation of Mariner 10 data to the dynamo region is 10⁻⁴ times smaller than the Coriolis force. This is at odds with the idea that planetary dynamos are thought to work in the so-called magnetostrophic regime, where Coriolis force and Lorentz force should be of comparable magnitude. Recent convective dynamo simulations reviewed here seem to resolve this caveat. We show that the available convective power indeed suffices to drive a magnetostrophic dynamo even when the heat flow though Mercury’s core–mantle boundary is subadiabatic, as suggested by thermal evolution models. Two possible causes are analyzed that could explain why the observations do not reflect a stronger internal field. First, toroidal magnetic fields can be strong but are confined to the conductive core, and second, the observations do not resolve potentially strong small-scale contributions. We review different dynamo simulations that promote either or both effects by (1) strongly driving convection, (2) assuming a particularly small inner core, or (3) assuming a very large inner core. These models still fall somewhat short of explaining the low amplitude of Mariner 10 observations, but the incorporation of an additional effect helps to reach this goal: The subadiabatic heat flow through Mercury’s core–mantle boundary may cause the outer part of the core to be stably stratified, which would largely exclude convective motions in this region. The magnetic field, which is small scale, strong, and very time dependent in the lower convective part of the core, must diffuse through the stagnant layer. Here, the electromagnetic skin effect filters out the more rapidly varying high-order contributions and mainly leaves behind the weaker and slower varying dipole and quadrupole components (Christensen in Nature 444:1056–1058, 2006). Messenger and BepiColombo data will allow us to discriminate between the various models in terms of the magnetic fields spatial structure, its degree of axisymmetry, and its secular variation.     

高转矩密度磁力齿轮的拓扑结构设计与性能比较

永磁行星齿轮和同轴永磁齿轮是两类具有不同拓扑结构和运行原理的磁力齿轮,采用定量设计比较法设计了具有相同有效体积和永磁体用量的上述两类磁齿轮,并通过有限元分析法对二者的转矩传递性能进行比较研究。研究结果表明,永磁行星齿轮较同轴永磁齿轮有更高的转矩密度和更低的转矩脉动。此外,由于永磁行星齿轮具有更加灵活的运行模式,并且能实现功率分流,使其在混合动力汽车领域有很好的应用前景。加工了一台永磁行星齿轮样机,并搭建试验平台进行了相关的试验,结果表明了该拓扑结构的有效性。     

模块化永磁直线游标电机等效磁网络及漏磁分析

在模块化永磁直线游标电机的初始设计及优化设计中,使用有限元方法(FEM)计算漏磁系数时需要耗费大量的建模和计算时间。针对这一问题,建立该种电机的等效磁网络模型,在建模期间,考虑气隙中的边缘效应,并计算永磁体组与定子齿在不同相对位置时的等效磁导,得到该种电机在一个周期内不同相对位置时的漏磁磁导和漏磁系数的数学解析表达式。采用FEM验证了该数学解析表达式的准确性。研究结果为模块化永磁直线游标电机的设计提供了理论依据。     

捷变频磁控管用高频直线振荡电机设计

捷变频磁控管的快速捷变特性取决于驱动电机的性能,要求电机功耗小、体积小、效率高,能实现高频稳幅直线振动.文章介绍了音圈直线电机、电磁开关式直线电机和电磁混合式直线电机等三种方案,通过对其工作原理和性能特点分析,确定了音圈直线电机驱动方案,进行了电磁场仿真分析和电磁参数设计,进行了样机试验测试.结果表明,设计的音圈直线电...     

惯性仪表中磁悬浮元件磁芯材料对其性能的影响

本文阐述了惯性仪表中磁悬浮元件的工作原理,分析了材料特性对磁悬浮元件性能的影响。通过对由性能差异较大的材料制成的磁悬浮元件进行参数测试,测试的结果验证了分析的正确性,为磁悬浮元件设计中的材料选用提出了有益的参考。     

附壁射流元件的仿真研究

以数值模拟为主要手段,研究一种附壁射流元件内部流场的速度分布和压力分布,并研究其非定常流动机理.提出主射流的偏转是由主射流两侧的压差导致射流偏斜,进而形成一低压涡流区,低压涡流诱导主射流附壁.附壁射流元件的偏转特性与其几何结构和流体雷诺数有关.在此基础上,用仿真模型模拟流场,优化结构,研究特性,为此类型附壁射流元件的结构改进、优化设计和应用提供了有效途径.     

电磁轴承-转子系统多变量模糊解耦控制算法的推导

在建立了转子高速旋转时电磁轴承系统的模型基础上 ,针对此系统的多变量模型 ,采用了多变量模糊解耦方法进行控制研究。文中推导了有效的降维模糊关系矩阵 ,得出了四输入四输出的多变量模糊系统的输出算法 ,并进一步考虑了加上输入变量导数的情况下算法的推导。     

电励磁双凸极电机调速系统的原理与实现

介绍了新型电励磁双凸极电机的结构和原理，然后结合全桥变换器阐述了电励磁双凸极电机的控制方法，接着详细介绍了电励磁双凸极电机转速、电流双闭环控制调速系统的原理和实现方法，最后以一台500W12/8极电励磁双凸极电机调速系统为例进行了系统实验。实验结果表明，电励磁双凸极电机调速系统具有结构简单、控制方便和良好的动静态性能。