基础横向振动对电磁轴承转子系统动力特性影响的实验研究

从实验上研究了电磁轴承基础的横向振动对电磁轴承转子系统动力特性的影响。结果表明电磁轴承的控制器对电磁轴承基础横向振动的抑制能力是非常有限的,在控制器的设计过程中必须考虑基础振动的影响,否则较大的基础振动会使电磁轴承系统不能稳定地工作,甚至失去支撑转子的能力。     

三支承磁悬浮轴承转子系统性能的实验分析

在一般磁悬浮轴承转子系统的基础上增加辅助磁悬浮支承组件,构成磁轴承与辅助磁悬浮支承组合三点支承转子系统。通过试验模态分析和系统高速旋转实验研究了不同控制参数下,组合支承柔性转子系统的动态性能,并与二支承系统进行了比较。实验结果表明,辅助磁悬浮支承对系统性能有较大影响,提高了系统在各阶模态振动时的阻尼,使系统顺利越过二阶弯曲临界转速在16000rpm以上稳定运行。     

The Origin of Mercury’s Internal Magnetic Field

Mariner 10 measurements proved the existence of a large-scale internal magnetic field on Mercury. The observed field amplitude, however, is too weak to be compatible with typical convective planetary dynamos. The Lorentz force based on an extrapolation of Mariner 10 data to the dynamo region is 10⁻⁴ times smaller than the Coriolis force. This is at odds with the idea that planetary dynamos are thought to work in the so-called magnetostrophic regime, where Coriolis force and Lorentz force should be of comparable magnitude. Recent convective dynamo simulations reviewed here seem to resolve this caveat. We show that the available convective power indeed suffices to drive a magnetostrophic dynamo even when the heat flow though Mercury’s core–mantle boundary is subadiabatic, as suggested by thermal evolution models. Two possible causes are analyzed that could explain why the observations do not reflect a stronger internal field. First, toroidal magnetic fields can be strong but are confined to the conductive core, and second, the observations do not resolve potentially strong small-scale contributions. We review different dynamo simulations that promote either or both effects by (1) strongly driving convection, (2) assuming a particularly small inner core, or (3) assuming a very large inner core. These models still fall somewhat short of explaining the low amplitude of Mariner 10 observations, but the incorporation of an additional effect helps to reach this goal: The subadiabatic heat flow through Mercury’s core–mantle boundary may cause the outer part of the core to be stably stratified, which would largely exclude convective motions in this region. The magnetic field, which is small scale, strong, and very time dependent in the lower convective part of the core, must diffuse through the stagnant layer. Here, the electromagnetic skin effect filters out the more rapidly varying high-order contributions and mainly leaves behind the weaker and slower varying dipole and quadrupole components (Christensen in Nature 444:1056–1058, 2006). Messenger and BepiColombo data will allow us to discriminate between the various models in terms of the magnetic fields spatial structure, its degree of axisymmetry, and its secular variation.     

用于微型涡轮机的节流孔式静压气浮轴承实验

对用于厘米级微型涡轮发动机的径向静压气浮轴承展开了实验研究,分析了长径比、节流孔径、气膜间隙及供气压力等对承载力、刚度和耗气量的影响.提出了这些设计参数的优选方法,并结合直径11 cm的某微型喷气发动机,给出了与之匹配的径向静压气浮轴承设计方案:工作面直径15 mm、长度17.5 mm、节流孔径0.35 mm、气膜间隙25μm.此方案在供气绝对压力2.5 kPa时,双轴承支撑能力为13.72 N,耗气量小于1.0 g/s,有效地满足了微型涡轮发动机要求.      

大型单框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺研制关键技术研究

控制力矩陀螺属于航天器姿态控制与机动惯性执行机构,磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺具有输出力矩大、微振动、低噪声、长寿命等特点,是敏捷机动卫星、空间站、天空实验室等理想的惯性执行机构之一.在阐述磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺工作原理、结构特点的基础上,介绍了磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的电磁设计原理、结构分布及控制系统设计过程.基于大型磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的主要技术指标,详细分析了大型单框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的三个关键技术和解决途径.包括大承载力永磁偏置磁轴承的设计、制造和控制技术;低功耗高速永磁无刷直流电机的设计、控制技术;低速高精度Halbach型框架电机设计、制造、装配和控制技术.为磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的进一步工程化应用提供了有效的技术途径.     

高温磁悬浮轴承用位移传感器的研究

针对差动变压器式位移传感器的性能及其在高温磁悬浮轴承中的应用,对环境温度升高影响差动变压器式位移传感器（DTDS）性能的机理和特征以及所采用的温度补偿技术进行了研究。采用比值方式的处理电路以及加入补偿电阻的方法改善了温度升高所带来位移传感器灵敏度升高、温度漂移和时间漂移的问题。对不同温度下的差动变压器式位移传感器进行标定得到了位移传感器的动静态性能,并将其应用到单自由度高温磁悬浮轴承（HTAMB）试验台上进行静态和模拟动态悬浮。研究结果表明,环境温度为550 ℃,被测物体移动范围在-0.35~+0.35 mm时,位移传感器的灵敏度在19.62 mV/μm,线性度为±0.74%,迟滞性为±0.40%,重复性为±0.97%,传感器截止频率在800 Hz左右;在单自由度高温磁悬浮轴承试验台上使用所研制的高温位移传感器,能实现被悬浮物体的稳定悬浮。     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

MSMA振动发电机的建模与仿真

振动发电就是利用电磁感应、压电技术、智能材料等将外部的机械振动能量通过一定装置转换成电能,实现机械振动能量和电能的转换.在分析磁控形状记忆合金（Magnetic Shape MemoryAlloy,简称MSMA）振动发电原理的基础上,利用MSMA智能材料的维拉利效应对振动能量进行收集,建立了MSMA振动发电机的数学模型,求出振动发电机感应电动势与压应力及外加磁场的数学关系.分析了振动应力幅值、频率的响应特性,仿真结果验证了MSMA振动发电的可行性.     

泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪 零偏稳定性的影响研究

本文研究了泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响.通过分析核磁共振陀螺仪理论模型和自旋光泵浦极化129Xe的过程,阐述泵浦激光频率波动对陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响机理.结果表明,泵浦光频率波动会导致核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性下降约3个数量级.泵浦光频率波动是制约核磁共振陀螺仪性能提升的重要因素.     

模块化永磁直线游标电机等效磁网络及漏磁分析

在模块化永磁直线游标电机的初始设计及优化设计中,使用有限元方法(FEM)计算漏磁系数时需要耗费大量的建模和计算时间。针对这一问题,建立该种电机的等效磁网络模型,在建模期间,考虑气隙中的边缘效应,并计算永磁体组与定子齿在不同相对位置时的等效磁导,得到该种电机在一个周期内不同相对位置时的漏磁磁导和漏磁系数的数学解析表达式。采用FEM验证了该数学解析表达式的准确性。研究结果为模块化永磁直线游标电机的设计提供了理论依据。