航天器用回转支撑机构设计优化及试验验证

本文结合国内空间站对日定向驱动机构所采用的回转支撑机构方案,重点围绕滚轮-导轨运动副接触形式,分析了圆柱形滚轮外形方案所存在的“滚中带滑”情况,针对性地开展了滚轮外形结构设计优化,提出了圆锥形设计改进方案。为了验证该方案的设计正确性、工程可行性以及改进有效性,计算了改进方案的运动副滚滑比,评估了零件加工精度、产品装配偏差以及空间温度环境等对滚滑比的影响,分析了改进方案对机械接口和载荷条件的影响,开展了真空寿命试验。结果表明:改进方案能够实现在理论上滚轮-导轨运动副为纯滚动运动,对零件加工精度、产品装配偏差以及空间温度环境有较好的容差性和适应性,并且对机械接口和载荷条件无影响,能够有效改善滚轮-导轨运动副接触状态,延长寿命,满足使用需求。     

A Linear-correction Least-squares Approach for Geolocation Using FDOA Measurements Only

  A linear-correction least-squares(LCLS) estimation procedure is proposed for geolocation using frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements only. We first analyze the measurements of FDOA, and further derive the Cram閞-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of geolocation using FDOA measurements. For the localization model is a nonlinear least squares(LS) estimator with a nonlinear constrained, a linearizing method is used to convert the model to a linear least squares estimator with a nonlinear constrained. The Gauss-Newton iteration method is developed to conquer the source localization problem. From the analysis of solving Lagrange multiplier, the algorithm is a generalization of linear-correction least squares estimation procedure under the condition of geolocation using FDOA measurements only. The algorithm is compared with common least squares estimation. Comparisons of their estimation accuracy and the CRLB are made, and the proposed method attains the CRLB. Simulation results are included to corroborate the theoretical development.     

无尾布局纵向操纵的嵌入式舵面概念研究

基于提高W型无尾翼身融合布局大迎角俯仰操纵能力的设想,探索一种机身下表面嵌入式俯仰操纵舵面的新概念。采用CFD方法,研究纵向两个位置、两种弦向长度组成的四种机身下表面嵌入式舵面构型对无尾气动布局性能的影响及其流动机理,分析了嵌入式舵面提供纵向操纵控制的作用原理。研究结果表明,下表面嵌入式舵面可作为无尾布局大迎角俯仰操纵的有效补充措施,为无尾布局大迎角俯仰操纵提供了新的技术途径,具有进一步深入研究的价值。     

任意点正弦波信号频率估计的快速算法

研究了任意点正弦波信号频率估计的快速算法,先对截短信号序列(2的整数次幂长度)用M-Rife算法进行频率初估计并得到结果^f,以此作为中心频率,选取^f 21Lfs,-21Lfs两个频率对信号作L点DFT,然后对这两条谱线作频率插值(即Rife算法)得到频率的精确估计。仿真结果表明本算法性能稳定,略优于M-Rife算法,接近克拉美-罗限(CRLB)。该算法便于在DSP,FPGA等器件上实现快速频率估计。     

Mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind regime parameters using a newly installed SKiYMET meteor radar at Kazan (56°N, 49°E)

New meteor radar (MR) horizontal wind data obtained during 2015–2018 at Kazan (56°N, 49°E) are presented. The measurements were carried out with a state-of-the-art SKiYMET meteor radar. Monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal and meridional components of the prevailing wind speeds, also amplitudes and phases of the components of diurnal (DT) and semidiurnal tide (SDT) winds are displayed as contour plots for a mean calendar year over the four recent years and compared with distributions of these parameters provided by the previous multiyear (1986–2002) meteor radar (MR) measurements at Kazan and by the recent HWM07 empirical model. The analysis shows that the SKiYMET zonal and meridional prevailing wind speeds are generally in good agreement, sharing the same seasonal features, with the earlier MR seasonal winds. Comparisons with the HWM07 model are not favourable: eastward solstitial cells as modelled are significantly larger, >30?m/s compared to 15–20?m/s. Also, reversal lines are too variable with height, and the positions of modelled cells (positive and negative) are unlike those of either MRs at Kazan or other MLT radars. Both MR systems provide the large SDT amplitudes, approximately 30?m/s and vertical wavelengths, approximately 55?km, for both components at middle latitudes in winter. They also show the well known strong SDT September feature (heights 85–100?km, the vertical wavelength ～55–60?km), and the weak summer SDT for 80–91?km. HWM07 shows unrealistic amplitudes and phases above 90?km by height and month: minimal amplitudes in equinoxes and no September feature.The weak DT of middle to high latitudes provide similar amplitude and phase structures from both MRs, 1986–2002 and 2015–2017: largest amplitudes (10–12 or 8–10?m/s) for the evanescent meridional tide in summer, peaking in late July; weakest (0–2, 2–4?m/s) at 80 to 92–96?km, when the tide is vertically propagating (January, February, November, December) with a vertical wavelength near 40?km. Again, HWM07 differs in amplitude and phase structures: showing peak amplitudes in equinoxes: April, 15?m/s at 88?km; October, 21?m/s at 89?km.Coupling of the MR wind parameters with the ERA5 wind parameters is studied for a case in 2016. It is shown that the prevailing winds and DT amplitudes and phases of both datasets can be simply linked together, but that the ERA5 SDT amplitudes are significantly underestimated at the top model levels of the ERA5 reanalysis project.     

Measurements of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during tropical cyclones using the GPS radio occultation technique

Water vapour transport to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by deep convective storms affects the radiation balance of the atmosphere and has been proposed as an important component of climate change. The aim of the work presented here is to understand if the GPS radio occultation technique is useful for characterization of this process. Our assessment addresses the question if severe storms leave a significant signature in radio occultation profiles in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) were analyzed, focusing on two particular tropical cyclones with completely different characteristics, the hurricane Bertha, which formed in the Atlantic Basin during July 2008 and reached a maximum intensity of Category 3, and the typhoon Hondo, which formed in the south Indian Ocean during 2008 reaching a maximum intensity of Category 4. The result is positive, suggesting that the bending angle of a GPS radio occultation signal contains interesting information on the atmosphere around the tropopause, but not any information regarding the water vapour. The maximum percentage anomaly of bending angle between 14 and 18 km of altitude during tropical cyclones is typically larger than the annual mean by 5–15% and it can reach 20% for extreme cases. The results are discussed in connection to the GPS radio occultation receiver which will be part of the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) payload on the International Space Station.     

提高空心细长轴磨削精度的措施

本文主要阐述了采用无缝钢管作为工件材料加工成空心细长轴,提高磨削精度的措施.     

水空两栖太阳能四旋翼气动特性研究

太阳能四旋翼无人机结合了太阳能飞行器和四旋翼飞行器的优点,已受到广泛关注,但由于太阳能板的存在,旋翼的安装高度和轴距会对整机的气动效能产生影响。通过基于粒子法格子玻尔兹曼技术的XFlowCFD软件,对太阳能四旋翼无人机的整机流场进行非定常数值模拟,并分析该飞行器的气动特性。结果表明:旋翼高度对整机升力的影响较小,旋翼的安装轴距越大整机的升力越大,其主要原因是轴距较小时,旋翼产生的下洗流冲击在太阳能板上,对整机产生气动干扰。     

一种多SAM模块的低功耗IC卡读卡器设计与实现

CPU卡可以有效地杜绝IC卡被克隆，防止机密信息被修改，得到广泛使用，每个CPU卡具有相应的SAM(Safe Authentication Module)，不同的CPU卡需要的密钥不同，所以有不同的SAM模块。为了使读卡器能够识别多种CPU卡，提出了通过使用多SAM卡模块的循坏扫描对多种SAM卡进行认证管理，实现渎卡器对不同型号IC卡的支持，使用MSP430F149和多个SAM模块，设汁实现了一种新型IC卡读卡器。详细介绍了IC卡和读卡器的工作原理、功能、硬软件设计。经过测试证明，读卡器具有功耗低、体积小、性能稳定等特点。     

一维PSD位置敏感光电器件的应用研究

本文简要叙述了一维ＰＳＤ位置敏感光电器件的工作原理,以及采用光学三角法测量构成的尺寸测量传感器,重点介绍ＰＳＤ、半导体激光器实现铁路的钢轨磨耗自动检测的方法。