基于特征点互信息预配准的医学图像配准技术

基于最大互信息的医学图像配准算法近几年来成为医学图像处理领域的热点。由局部极值导致的寻优困难是困扰该算法的核心问题,混合优化算法成功地解决了互信息函数的寻优问题,但延长了配准时间。文中研究了互信息函数峰值周围的局部极值特征,提出安全区域的概念。利用特征点互信息理论,并结合多灰度级和多分辨率策略,提出一种基于混合优化算法寻优和特征点互信息预配准的改进型算法。经过模拟数据和实际数据配准实验证明,该算法在保证了配准精度的同时,提高了配准的速度,稳健性更强,具有临床推广价值。     

基于LTSA融合降维法的滚动轴承可靠性评估方法

为了保障滚动轴承在给定工况下安全平稳地运行,提出了一种基于局部切空间排列(LTSA)和威布尔比例故障率模型(WPHM)的滚动轴承可靠性评估方法.该方法提取滚动轴承整个寿命周期的时域、频域、时频域及统计等不同分析域上的特征指标,从中筛选出包含滚动轴承运行状态的特征指标,构建出高维多域特征集;利用局部切空间排列算法对高维多...     

面对面呼吸飞沫传播和防护的流体力学初步分析

针对SARS-CoV-2疫情,围绕病人和戴防飞沫面罩的健康人面对面呼吸状态下飞沫的流动传播问题,利用计算流体力学方法进行了数值模拟。首先采用二维非稳态不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程描述平均流场,计算区域采用H型结构网格拓扑结构,将多相流的欧拉模型用于描述空气-飞沫流动,湍流脉动采用RNG k-ε湍流模型。计算获得了呼吸飞沫喷射速度、粒径和入口含量对飞沫流动传播的影响规律,分析了水平传播线和垂直传播线的飞沫浓度分布。研究表明:呼吸飞沫喷射速度、入口含量和流动传播速度、浓度分布呈正相关性,粒径主要影响飞沫流动传播的浓度峰值大小;呼吸飞沫跟随空气流动先以水平传播为主,后转变为以垂直扩散为主,扩散过程会形成"猫眼"状飞沫云团;呼吸飞沫在气流作用下侵入到防飞沫面罩内形成旋涡,导致防飞沫面罩的失效,因此,防飞沫面罩必须结合口罩共同使用。     

Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.     

Formation flying for magnetic sails around artificial equilibrium points

This paper investigates the problem of magnetic sail-based spacecraft formation control around the artificial equilibrium points (AEPs), which can eliminate the requirement of the propellant. The thrusts are achieved by utilizing the interaction between the solar wind and the artificial magnetosphere generated by superconducting current coil onboard. The circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) of magnetic sail is discussed including the allowed regions and linear stability of AEPs, the locations of collinear AEPs and the possibility of existence of periodic orbits around the collinear AEPs. Next, the dynamical models of magnetic sail formation around the collinear AEPs are established. A novel fast fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (FFNTSM) based on fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is developed to account for external disturbances. Several numerical simulations are conducted to substantiate that spacecraft formation can be precisely controlled by the proposed propellantless propulsion method in the presence of external disturbances.     

Boundary of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium in the mesopause region: Improved criterion of determining the boundary from satellite data

A modified derivation of the criterion of nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium (NOCE) in the mesopause region is presented. According to 3D model calculations, the improved criterion reproduces the lower boundary of the equilibrium much better than its earlier version. Processing of the SABER/TIMED data of 2021 has shown that the modified criterion elevates the NOCE boundary by ～ 0.1–1.7 km, depending on latitude and season. The proposed method of determining the condition of chemical equilibrium can be used to analyse the equilibrium of many trace gases in the stratosphere and troposphere important for different practical applications.     

基于运动信息的视频图像空间目标检测

针对卫星拍摄的以深空为背景的视频图像中空间运动目标的检测问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于运动信息的目标检测算法。首先,通过均值滤波对图像进行降噪处理；然后,采用基于局部统计的可变阈值来分割单帧图像,使用灰度重心法计算像点坐标。当卫星凝视目标区域时,恒星可以认为是静止的,而目标依旧在运动,基于此,可检测出空间运动目标。基于某型卫星在轨拍摄的视频图像验证了算法的有效性。     

爆炸破片作用下 舰载导弹战斗部的安全性数值模拟

文章主要针对爆炸破片作用下,垂直发射系统中舰载导弹战斗部的安全性进行分析,分别讨论了破片的质量、速度、侵彻角度和破片的数量等因素作用下,舰载导弹外防护设置以及战斗部的响应特性。结果表明:在临界起爆条件附近,炸药的点火增长对撞击速度的变化很敏感。同时,入射角对其是否引爆威胁战斗部的影响也很大;当两破片间距小于破片直径时,破片撞击战斗部形成的冲击波会相互叠加,压力峰值增大,更容易引爆战斗部,而当两破片间距大于1.7倍的破片直径时,此时两破片产生的冲击波叠加效应降低。     

Influence of lunar regolith compressibility on sampling performance of thick wall spiral drills

A 2 m class robotic drill was sent to the Moon and successfully collected and returned regolith samples in late 2020 by China. It was a typical thick wall spiral drill (TWSD) with a hollow auger containing a complex coring system to retain subsurface regolith samples. Before the robotic drill was launched, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate and predict the possible drilling loads it may encounter in the lunar environment. This work presents how the sampling performance of the TWSD is affected by the regolith compressibility. Experiments and analysis during the drilling and sampling process in a simulated lunar regolith environment were conducted. The compressibility of a typical lunar regolith simulant (LRS) was measured through uni-directional compression tests to study the relationship between its inner regolith stress and bulk density. A theoretical model was established to elucidate the cutting discharge behavior by auger flights based on the aforementioned relationship. Experiments were conducted with the LRS, and the results show that the sampling performance is greatly affected by the flux of the drilled cuttings into the spiral flight channels. This work helped in scheduling reasonable drilling parameters to promote the sampling performance of the robotic drill in the Chinese Chang'E 5 mission.     

大气环境监测卫星地方时控制策略优化

针对大气环境监测卫星地方时的控制和优化问题，从太阳同步轨道卫星的地方时漂移规律入手，建立了地方时漂移估计模型，给出了通过改变倾角来调节地方时漂移的控制策略。在此基础上，采用遗传算法对控制策略进行了优化，讨论了相关算子的选择，最终得到了燃料有限情况下的最优控制曲线。优化结果表明:不限燃料情况下，大气环境监测卫星可通过寿命内一次倾角控制实现小于6.6 min的地方时偏差。此外，为了保证地方时偏差小于15 min的指标要求，卫星至少需要进行一次0.07°的倾角控制。