随机谱中小幅载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的影响

采用7050-T7451铝合金标准中心裂纹拉伸试样进行随机谱载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究在不同低载截除水平、不同裂纹参考长度下,裂纹扩展寿命及其分散性的变化。采用F检验法,对不同载荷谱下的裂纹扩展寿命的方差及相同载荷谱,不同裂纹长度的寿命的方差进行检验。分析表明,第一级和第二级截除水平下的裂纹扩展寿命的分散性没有显著差别,当载荷截除水平提高到最大幅值载荷的21％时,寿命分散性显著变大;相同载荷谱下,不同裂纹长度对应的扩展寿命的分散性没有显著差别。试验结果也表明,本文所考察的3个水平的小幅值载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的均值有显著影响;因此,在损伤容限和可靠性分析中,这些小幅值载荷是不可忽略的。     

Phase Transformation in a β-Ti Alloy with Good Balance Between High Strength and High Fracture Toughness

This article studies the phase transformation of the metastable β-Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr-Zr alloy (Ti-1300) to disclose the morphological reason for its high strength and high fracture toughness. It has been found that its ultrahigh strength (ultimate tensile strength exceeds 1 400 MPa) owes mainly to the spheroidization of the α-phase, while the high fracture toughness (exceeds 81 MPa·m^½) to the special lath-shaped α-particles. Compared to the needle-shaped second α-articles, the coarser lath-shaped ones remove the stress concentration at the lath tips and consequently benefit improvement of fracture toughness. The article also describes shape evolution of the α-particles during aging thermodynamically and kinetically, and suggests an optimized aging processing to achieve an ideal balance between high strength and high toughness for this alloy.     

Reduction in clamping force due to applied longitudinal load to aerospace structural bolted plates

The main purpose of the present work is to experimentally and numerically study why and how the magnitude of the bolt clamping force reduces in the aerospace structural bolted plates when they are subjected to a longitudinal tensile load. In the experimental method, a holed plate of aluminium alloy 7075-T6 was clamped using a single bolt fastener, and then tested under an increasing static longitudinal tensile load. The bolt clamping magnitude was determined by using the measured axial compressive strains of a steel bush placed between the nut and plate. Two clamped specimens with different initial clamping forces were studied. In each specimen the actual clamping forces were determined during the longitudinal loading on the plate. In the numerical method, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was generated in order to simulate and quantify the bolt clamping force in the plate model loaded in tension. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the clamping force reduces considerably in the aluminium bolted plates under the longitudinal tensile loading. This is because of the transverse contraction of the plate material that causes the clamped material to release from the initial compression, and as a result, the clamping force to relax.     

航空发动机主泵金属封严装置漏油故障分析

针对航空发动机主燃油泵金属封严装置漏油问题,分析了导致漏油产生的各种因素;研究了金属封严圈组合研喜及检测、铅铟润滑扩散镀昙工艺控制和主燃油泵装配工艺3个方面对封严的影响,提出了针对性的改进措施。进行了相应的试验．验证了改进措施的有效性。     

Adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerators for future sub-millimetre space missions

Space worthy refrigeration capable of providing a 100 mK and below heat load sink for bolometric detectors will be required for the next generation of sub-millimetre space missions. Adiabatic demagnetisation refrigeration (ADR), being a gravity independent laboratory method for obtaining such temperatures, is a favourable technique for utilisation in space.We show that by considering a 3 salt pill refrigerator rather than the classic single salt pill design the space prohibitive laboratory ADR properties of high magnetic field (6 Tesla) and a<2 K environment (provided by a bath of liquid⁴He) can be alleviated, while maintaining a sufficient low temperature hold time and short recycle time. The additional salt pills, composed of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) provide intermediate cooling stages, enabling operation from a 4 K environment provided by a single 4 K mechanical cooler, thereby providing consumable free operation. Such ADRs could operate with fields as low as 1 Tesla allowing the use of high temperature, mechanically cooled superconducting magnets and so effectively remove the risk of quenching.We discuss the possibility of increasing the hold time from 3 hours, for the model presented, to between 40 and 80 hours, plus reducing the number of salt pills to two, through the use of a more efficient Garnet.We believe the technical advances necessitated by the envisaged ADRs are minimal and conclude that such ADRs offer a long orbital life time, consumable free, high efficiency means of milli-Kelvin cooling, requiring relatively little laboratory development.     

宇航用活塞式连接分离火工装置的理论研究与工程计算

介绍了宇航用活塞式连接分离火工装置（简称火工装置）的特点和工作原理，建立了火工装置分离过程的理论模型，得出了该装置的解锁分离力和分离速度，提出了确定最佳火药量的原则和方法。经试验验证，其方法可以较精确地预示火工装置的性能，具有工程使用价值。     

工件激振式复合电火花微细孔加工

通过工件的微幅激振改善微细电大花加工工作液循环，提高微细电火花加工的脉冲利用率和微细孔加工的深径比。简单介绍加工机理和系统组成，并给出初步试验结果．     

多功能时间检测仪的校准装置

介绍一种能对可检测机械秒表，毫秒仪，电秒表，机械钟表，电子钟表等的多功能时间检测仪进行校准的装置。     

复杂载荷情况下平均应力修正方法

对于复杂载荷下的疲劳问题,应该把平均应力效应分为“静态效应”和“动态效应”两个方面。静态效应只影响最终断裂条件,而动态效应影响疲劳过程中的损伤演化规律和强度退化速率。因此,在计算累积损伤时,只需考虑平均应力的动态效应。根据传统的研究结果及对一些试验数据的分析,提出了一个用于复杂载荷损伤分析计算的“损伤当量应力”,以修正平均应力对疲劳损伤的影响。     

复合材料结构设计的使用安全系数

 飞机结构设计使用安全系数的研究已有50多年的历史。虽然美国在1934年以后定安全系数为1.5,各发达国家也都先后统一为1.5,但由于航空科技的发展,使用材料的变化,这个问题一直争论到现在。 本文从飞机结构设计安全系数的发展历史及其变化根据出发,阐述其选用的原则,并结合当前碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料在航空结构上的应用情况,提出安全系数选用的一些分析和看法。