民机电传飞控系统CCAR 25.672符合性验证思路研究

首先阐述民机电传飞控系统适航符合性验证的定义,然后详细介绍了民机电传飞控系统适航符合性方法和选用原则,最后以国内某型民用客机为研究对象,开展了针对CCAR25.672条款的符合性验证思路的分析与研究。     

基于主动热载荷管理技术的涡轮盘疲劳寿命

为降低航空发动机涡轮盘失效风险并提高使用寿命,将主动热载荷管理技术应用于预置裂纹的涡轮盘模型,采用通用权函数法计算裂纹应力强度因子进而分析轮盘寿命,研究经主动热载荷管理的轮盘上能量分布对轮盘寿命的影响,探索轮盘上热边界载荷与寿命的关联性和变化规律,并通过有限元仿真模拟初步分析其作用机理。结果表明:主动热载荷管理技术通过优化轮盘的温度分布,可以有效地降低裂纹附近的应力,延缓裂纹的扩展,显著的提高寿命和安全性,当热边界载荷系数分别取0.05和0.10时,轮盘相应的寿命分别增加12.2%和26.1%。     

加载速率对层间断裂韧性的影响

虽然加载速率对层间断裂的影响已经被广泛的研究,但是现有的研究结果还未能给出加载速率对层间断裂韧性影响的明确趋势。研究人员发展了许多测量层合板复合材料以及胶接层断裂韧性的实验方法。本文的主要目的是对层间断裂韧性测量的实验方法进行综述,尤其是准静态和动态加载条件下层间起裂韧性的测量。首先介绍了准静态下Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型以及Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型层间断裂韧性的测量方法,然后综述动态加载下层间断裂韧性的实验方法。前两部分着重介绍断裂实验中断裂参数(载荷、位移、起裂时间以及裂纹长度)的测量以及断裂韧性的计算。之后又综述了两种光学测量方法在层间断裂实验中的应用。最后将文献中加载速率对层间断裂韧性影响的实验研究结果进行了总结。     

双脉冲固体火箭发动机压强振荡特性研究

为了研究隔舱消融对双脉冲发动机中燃烧室的压强振荡影响规律,选择隔舱消融几个典型时刻进行研究,运用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对Ⅱ脉冲工作时的发动机流场稳定性进行数值模拟.最后得到了各工况下的压强时间曲线及其快速傅氏变换(FFT)结果.分析表明:由于Ⅱ脉冲工作初期隔舱暴露在流场中产生额外扰动,以及隔舱级间通道形成狭窄通道的加速作用,是导致边界层分离而引起障碍涡脱落的主要因素.点火初期,双脉冲发动机易发生轻微压强振荡.随隔舱消融,整个流场在发动机工作中、后期逐渐趋于平稳.      

一种校准空间蓄电池在不同加速度状态下电特性的装置CSCD

在飞行器发射升空之前,需对空间蓄电池进行一系列的测试。而地球上的环境和在太空中的环境存在很大的不同,尤其是太空的失重环境,在地球上很难长时间的模拟,以达到测试的目的。这样在地面上的测试数据可能与实际工作所得有所偏差。针对这种情况,文章提出了一种校准空间蓄电池在不同加速状态下电特性的装置。     

航天器激光防护材料研究现状与发展趋势

根据激光防护的原理和途径,介绍了基于线性光学原理、基于非线性光学原理和基于相变原理的激光防护材料的特点及其国内外研究进展,讨论了激光防护材料的发展方向。     

基于“以证代考”模式的高职涉外旅游专业人才核心能力培养探析

改革传统的教学评价手段,注重实操,减少笔试是高职院校一系列教学改革中的重要环节。＂以证代考＂是一种强调实操,体现实际能力的考核方式。本文以导游证为例,在设计、实施、促进能力培养的效果和存在问题等方面做一些探讨。     

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

Self-perspiration garment for extravehicular activity improves skin cooling effects without raising humidity

Introduction

The current U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) suit in space includes liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) to control thermal condition. Tubes knitted in LCVG for flowing water interrupt evaporation of perspiration, and astronauts feel discomfort. In the present study, we hypothesized that a self-perspiration garment would effectively lower the skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. Thus, we developed and examined the effects of the garment.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects were studied with a cyclic ergometer of 30, 60 90 and 120 W loading for 3 min each. Skin temperature and humidity on the back were measured continuously. Subjects wore and tested three types of garments i.e., a spandex wear without any cooling device (Normal), a simulated LCVG (s-LCVG) or the spandex wear knitted a vinyl tube for flowing water, and the spandex wear with a tube, which flows water and self-perspiration with oozing water for evaporative cooling (SPEC).

Results

All measurements were reached to steady state 2–3 min after the setting. The s-LCVG decreased skin temperature 0.39±0.14 °C during 12 min of cooling. With SPEC, skin temperature did not decrease significantly until 6–9 min after starting the cooling. However, the temperature decreased rapidly and significantly after that, and finally decreased 1.59±0.32 °C. Humidity in the SPEC was significantly lower than that in s-LCVG.

Discussion

SPEC was effective for lowering skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. The concept is expected to use as a better cooling system during EVA.     

激光有源干扰的防御措施

激光有源干扰是目前光电干扰领域发展的热点,如何对其实现成功防御是一个重要课题。主要讨论了激光有源干扰的各种防御措施,重点是激光测距机和半主动激光制导武器的抗干扰措施、激光防护器材的防护原理以及新体制导弹的强激光防护技术。