改进的宽带指向最小方差空间谱估计算法

宽带测向一直是阵列信号处理领域研究的难点。把指向最小方差宽带测向算法（STMV）应用到均匀线阵上，通过对阵列频域采样数据的空间协方差矩阵的估计和加权平均处理。给出了空间谱估计子的改进形式。与通常的信号子空间宽带测向算法相比。提出的算法不需要对波达方向进行预估计，因此避免了预估计误差对最终估计结果的影响。理论分析和仿真实验证明了测向算法的有效性。     

Neuroimmune response and sleep studies after whole body irradiation with high-LET particles

In order to investigate the biological effects of galactic rays on astronaut cerebral functions after space flight, mice were exposed to different heavy ions (HZE) in whole-body conditions at doses comparable to the galactic flux: ¹²C, ¹⁶O and ²⁰Ne (95 MeV/u, at 42–76 mGy). Animals were also exposed to 42 mGy of ⁶⁰Co radiation for comparison with HZE. The neuroimmune response, evaluated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) measurement, showed that this cytokine was produced 3 h after irradiation by ¹⁶O or ⁶⁰Co. In contrast, neither ¹²C (56.7 mGy) nor ²⁰Ne (76 mGy) induced IL-1 production. However, immunohistochemical staining of ¹²C-irradiated mouse brain tissue showed 2 months later a marked inflammatory reaction in the hippocampus and a diffuse response in parenchyma. Sleep studies were realized before and after exposure to 42 mGy of ¹⁶O and 76 mGy of ²⁰Ne: only the ²⁰Ne radiation displayed a small effect. A slight decrease in paradoxical sleep, corresponding to a reduction in the number of episodes of paradoxical sleep, was manifested between 8 and 22 days after exposure. Exposure to ¹²C and ¹⁶O induced no changes either in cellularity of spleen or thymus, or in caspase 3 activity (as much as four months after irradiation). Taken together, these data indicate that the CNS could be sensitive to heavy ions and that responses to HZE impact depend on the nature of the particle, the dose threshold and the time delay to develop biological processes. Differences in responses to different HZE highlight the complex biological phenomena to which astronauts are submitted during space flight.     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

基于线性稳定性分析的翼尖涡摇摆机制

在涡不稳定性特征的影响下，翼尖涡会在尾迹中发生摇摆运动。为了揭示翼尖涡摇摆的本质原因以及发展机理，采用体视粒子图像测速（SPIV）技术和线性稳定性分析方法对不同雷诺数和迎角下NACA0015等直翼产生的翼尖涡在尾迹区的不稳定性特征及发展进行研究。结果表明：在1~6倍弦长的尾迹区内，翼尖涡存在摇摆现象，摇摆幅值随流向放大，且摇摆运动沿流向逐渐呈现出各向异性特征；在大迎角条件下，翼尖涡摇摆幅值随流向增长更快。采用线性稳定性分析方法，定量化分析翼尖涡的稳定性、空间/时间不稳定性放大率和扰动频率随流向的发展过程。结果显示，在雷诺数2.1×10⁵~3.5×10⁵范围内，翼尖涡均处于临界稳定状态，扰动频率为3~5 Hz。基于线性稳定性分析结果，发现在大迎角条件下翼尖涡时间/空间不稳定性放大率更大，解释了当迎角增大时翼尖涡摇摆幅值随流向增长更快的现象。另外，由线性稳定性分析得到的最不稳定模态显示翼尖涡的横向速度扰动具有明显的方向性，从而诱导翼尖涡产生摇摆运动；速度扰动方向的周期性变化则使翼尖涡摇摆区别于一维的随机振荡，而是表现为在各方向均含有分量且具有主频的摇摆运动。这种由不稳定性导致的速度扰动是翼尖涡摇摆的内在机制，其不稳定性放大率控制着摇摆幅值的增长速率，而其横向速度扰动的方向性与周期性则决定了翼尖涡的摇摆特征。     

基于双eN方法的短舱层流转捩影响因素

发展自然层流短舱对提升现代民机的经济性和环保性具有重要意义，而对影响短舱层流转捩的因素进行研究有助于更好地开展短舱的层流设计。本文基于线性稳定性分析方法，将双e^N方法同RANS方程求解器耦合，建立了一套可同时计算T-S（Tollmien-Schlichting）波和横流（CF）驻波诱导转捩的流动转捩预测方法，通过标准椭球算例验证了该方法的正确性，进而研究了来流马赫数、雷诺数、湍流度以及迎角对短舱转捩的影响。结果表明：马赫数和迎角会带来压力梯度的明显改变从而引起转捩位置发生变化；而在此构型的高雷诺数工况下，雷诺数和湍流度对转捩位置影响相对较小，转捩位置移动的区域不超过短舱长度的5%。因此在设计阶段，在高雷诺数条件下保持层流设计要尽量避免较大的逆压梯度，保持顺压梯度。     

维氏硬度与里氏硬度对应关系的研究

研究了维氏硬度和里氏硬度的对应关系,在大量试验的基础上,采用最小二乘法拟合了维氏硬度和里氏硬度的关系式,并对原换算表的低值部分进行了扩展.     

基于回归分析的飞轮泄漏预测模型构建研究

为解决飞轮在交付前其壳体存在微漏这一难题,选取飞轮转速和跑合时间的相关关系作为回归分析对象,探索一种飞轮密封泄漏预测模型的构建方法,并针对该模型进行方差分析、统计检验和相关分析,以保证模型精确度和工程实用性.利用本模型构建方法,可以针对不同规格飞轮或者飞轮其他性能参数构建预测模型,确保交付后飞轮的密封可靠性.     

Instability characteristics of a co-rotating wingtip vortex pair based on bi-global linear stability analysis

The Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) technology is applied to measure the wingtip vortices generated by the up-down symmetrical split winglet. Then, the temporal bi-global Linear Stability Analysis (bi-global LSA) is performed on this nearly equal-strength co-rotating vortex pair, which is composed of an upper vortex (vortex-u) and a down vortex (vortex-d). The results show that the instability eigenvalue spectrum illustrated by (ω_r, ω_i) contains two types of branches: discrete branch and continuous branch. The discrete branch contains the primary branches of vortex-u and vortex-d, the secondary branch of vortex-d and coupled branch, of which all of the eigenvalues are located in the unstable half-plane of ω_i > 0, indicating that the wingtip vortex pair is temporally unstable. By contrast, the eigenvalues of the continuous branch are concentrated on the half-plane of ω_i < 0 and the perturbation modes correspond to the freestream perturbation. In the primary branches of vortex-u and vortex-d, Mode P_u and Mode P_d are the primary perturbation modes, which exhibit the structures enclosed with azimuthal wavenumber m and radial wavenumber n, respectively. Besides, the results of stability curves for vortex-u and vortex-d demonstrate that the instability growth rates of vortex-u are larger than those of vortex-d, and the perturbation energy of Mode P_u is also larger than that of Mode P_d. Moreover, the perturbation energy of Mode P_u is up to 0.02650 and accounts for 33.56% percent in the corresponding branch, thereby indicating that the instability development of wingtip vortex is dominated by Mode P_u. By further investigating the topological structures of Mode P_u and Mode P_d with streamwise wavenumbers, the most unstable perturbation mode with a large azimuthal wavenumber of m = 5–6 is identified, which imposes on the entire core region of vortex-u. This large azimuthal wavenumber perturbation mode can suggest the potential physical-based flow control strategy by manipulating it.     

平面扩压叶栅最佳弯叶片生成线与叶栅折转角的关系

用优化的方法研究了扩压叶栅最佳弯叶片生成线与叶栅折转角之间的关系,在8个不同叶栅折转角下优化弯叶片生成线的弯角和弯高.积叠线是由两段贝塞尔曲线和一段直线组成,在这种积叠线形式下,相同弯角下弯叶片损失随弯高增大不断减小,弯叶片的最佳弯高为0.5.在相同的叶栅折转角下弯叶片损失随弯角增大先减小后增大,存在最佳弯角使弯叶片总损失最小.随着叶栅折转角增大,弯叶片收益增大.最佳弯角随着叶栅折转角的增加有增大的趋势.在给定计算条件下,最佳弯角与叶栅折转角之间呈类似线性变化规律.      

一种极低载噪比高动态信号跟踪的线性预测器设计

针对深空通信高动态低载噪比微弱信号跟踪精度低、稳态均方性能差的问题,提出了一种高动态低载噪比信号跟踪的分级异构凸组合线性预测器算法,该算法将归一化最小均方算法(NLMS)和最小二乘算法(RLS)进行分级异构凸组合,给出了算法的结构、跟踪精度联合优化设计方案和最优参数选择的方法。在载噪比(CNR)为10~30dB-Hz、载波多普勒频移为-300~300kHz、多普勒频率变化率为-800~1200Hz/s、码速率为20bps条件下对分级异构凸组合线性预测器跟踪性能及跟踪精度指标(归一化均方根误差)进行了仿真。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该线性预测器与分级同构凸组合线性预测器相比,算法运算量减少、信号跟踪精度提高、收敛速度加快。因此,该新型结构线性预测有着良好的应用前景。