几何语言与建筑设计

通过几何学中的点、线、面同造型艺术中点、线、面的联系，论述了几何形体对人的视觉心理感觉和形成的语言在建筑设计中的作用及重要性。并从中体现出建筑语言在人心中的反映。     

基于三维数字图像相关法（DICM）的输电导线风致动态位移测试及分析

基于三维 DICM 的非接触位移测试技术对导线气弹模型沿跨位移时程进行了测试,并对其进行统计与频谱分析,得到了导线风致位移的变化规律与概率分布特性。分析结果表明：导线在风荷载作用下,水平向振动表现为以一阶面外振型为主导、面内亦有一定贡献的振动形式,且随着风速的增加,面内振型的贡献也相应提高,从而使得导线在高风速下的面内振型的贡献不可忽略;对于竖向振动而言,其主导振型为面外一阶以及面内对称一、二阶;总体而言,在考虑导线风致响应时,选择包含面外一阶、面内一、二阶对称振型在内的三阶振型能够较为精确地反映其风致振动的主要能量组成;随着风速的增加,输电线面内、外非线性耦合程度增强,其风致响应不再满足高斯分布,位移响应峰因子应作相应调整。     

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

螺旋脉冲爆震室实验

为缩短脉冲爆震室轴向长度以及爆燃向爆震转变距离,设计加工了螺旋脉冲爆震室,采用液态汽油为燃料,空气为氧化剂,进行了一系列实验.在实验过程中,对比研究了常规直管脉冲爆震室以及螺旋脉冲爆震室的爆燃向爆震转变性能;并分析研究了螺旋脉冲爆震室多循环工作特性.结果表明:与直管脉冲爆震室相比,螺旋脉冲爆震室爆燃向爆震转变距离至少缩短了约11.2%;螺旋脉冲爆震室可以在5~20Hz频率下稳定工作;螺旋脉冲爆震室设计方案可行.      

间接起爆对脉冲爆震发动机热效率影响

建立了基于整个燃烧室内经历不同燃烧方式下所有工质来评估脉冲爆发动机平均循环热效率的方法,通过二维数值方法对两种采用不同数目障碍物的爆震管模型的起爆特性及循环热效率进行了研究,并分析了燃烧波传播的距离与DDT距离之比（定义为ξ）对模型热效率的影响.结果表明:①间接起爆方式及不同DDT强化装置都会影响系统的循环热效率;②就计算模型,当ξ接近1时,其系统平均循环热效率仅为理想爆震循环热效率的60%左右;③随着ξ的增加,间接起爆方式的影响迅速减弱;④当ξ为1.5时,系统平均循环热效率可达爆震燃烧热效率的93%.      

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.     

中央传动锥齿轮行波共振特征精准识别试验研究

为了精准监测复杂工作环境下航空发动机中央传动锥齿轮行波共振特征,并满足对试验器改装小和测试装置易安装的技术要求。建立了基于刚性壁声波导管技术的导出式噪声测量方法和基于替代法原理的动态特性标定方法,研制了导出式噪声测量系统和数字式闭环控制声喇叭行波管装置动态标定系统,解决了复杂环境下的齿轮行波共振声信号测量与数据修正的问题。完成了基于噪声和应力同步测试的某航空发动机中央传动锥齿轮行波共振特性试验,对从动锥齿轮的行波共振频率、共振转速及节径振动声辐射量级进行了分析。研究结果表明：导出式噪声测量方法及系统和动态标定方法及系统有效提高了齿轮行波共振特性的测量精度,可实现高温高油雾环境下齿轮行波共振频率和共振转速的精准识别和有效监测,行波共振频率误差小于0.04%,共振转速误差小于0.005%。四节径后行波共振时的齿轮辐板振动辐射的声压能量是三节径前行波共振时的4.5倍,说明齿轮在高转速发生行波共振会更危险。     

深冷组合发动机吸气模态最大状态控制规律研究

为了研究深冷组合循环发动机吸气模态最大状态控制规律,基于部件法建立了发动机热力学计算模型,依据整机共同工作条件确定了发动机非设计点计算的变量与平衡方程。根据工质间的相互影响关系,提出了以氦压气机转速和氦涡轮前温度为控制变量的双变量控制规律。在考虑发动机机械负荷、气动负荷、热负荷及压气机稳定裕度等限制的条件下,根据制定的最大状态控制规律,完成了高度特性和速度特性的计算。根据限制条件计算得到了发动机的工作包线,并指出了最大状态控制规律的区域划分。最后,将控制规律应用于工作包线内,获得了压气机转速、换算转速及工质流量等参数的分布规律。结果表明：工作包线上下边界分别取决于氦压气机喘振裕度限制和空气压气机换算转速下限,右边界限制取决于换热器1氦气出口温度上限。深冷组合循环发动机最大状态控制规律应划分为2个区域,分界线满足以下条件：空气压气机和氦压气机换算转速同时达到最大值。分界线以上空气压气机达到最大工作状态,分界线以下氦压气机达到最大工作状态。空气压气机进口参数是决定控制规律分界线的主要因素。     

Improved precision of virtual height measurements with coherent radio pulse sounding based on the maximum likelihood method

The paper describes a new technique that improves precision of the virtual height measurements by a coherent pulse sounding of the ionosphere. Proposed technique is based on the method of maximum likelihood that matches expected and observed spectral domain signatures of the signal intermixed with the noise. Computer simulations show that our technique allows measurements of the echo virtual height with ∼100 m precision even at a much coarser step of the height sampling in the sounder. In experiment, we expect an average 300 m precision of the virtual height measurements for single echoes received during periods of little spread due to ionospheric irregularities.     

Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Transonic Flutter Using Improved Line Sampling Technique

The improved line sampling (LS) technique, an effective numerical simulation method, is employed to analyze the probabilistic characteristics and reliability sensitivity of flutter with random structural parameter in transonic flow. The improved LS technique is a novel methodology for reliability and sensitivity analysis of high dimensionality and low probability problem with implicit limit state function, and it does not require any approximating surrogate of the implicit limit state equation. The improved LS is used to estimate the flutter reliability and the sensitivity of a two-dimensional wing, in which some structural properties, such as frequency, parameters of gravity center and mass ratio, are considered as random variables. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based unsteady aerodynamic reduced order model (ROM) method is used to construct the aerodynamic state equations. Coupling structural state equations with aerodynamic state equations, the safety margin of flutter is founded by using the critical velocity of flutter. The results show that the improved LS technique can effectively decrease the computational cost in the random uncertainty analysis of flutter. The reliability sensitivity, defined by the partial derivative of the failure probability with respect to the distribution parameter of random variable, can help to identify the important parameters and guide the structural optimization design.