Production characteristics of the “higher plants–soil-like substrate” system as an element of the bioregenerative life support system

The study addresses the possibility of long-duration operation of a higher plant conveyor, using a soil-like substrate (SLS) as the root zone. Chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were used as study material. A chufa community consisting of 4 age groups and radish and lettuce communities consisting of 2 age groups were irrigated with a nutrient solution, which contained mineral elements extracted from the SLS. After each harvest, inedible biomass of the harvested plants and inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort were added to the SLS. The amounts of the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort to be added to the SLS were determined based on the nitrogen content of the edible mass of harvested plants. CO₂ concentration in the growth chamber was maintained within the range of 1100–1700 ppm. The results of the study show that higher plants can be grown quite successfully using the proposed process of plant waste utilization in the SLS. The addition of chufa inedible biomass to the SLS resulted in species-specific inhibition of growth of both cultivated crops and microorganisms in the “higher plants – SLS” system. There were certain differences between the amounts of some mineral elements removed from the SLS with the harvested edible biomass and those added to it with the inedible biomasses of wheat and saltwort.     

数理统计在机载设备延寿中的应用

介绍了利用数理统计分析开展机载设备寿命分布和故障水平研究的常用方法和步骤，并结合某型多功能显示器的延寿进行了应用分析。     

Use of halophytic plants for recycling NaCl in human liquid waste in a bioregenerative life support system

The purpose of this work was to develop technology for recycling NaCl containing in human liquid waste as intrasystem matter in a bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). The circulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ excreted in urine is achieved by inclusion of halophytes, i.e. plants that naturally inhabit salt-rich soils and accumulate NaCl in their organs. A model of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ recycling in a BLSS was designed, based on the NaCl turnover in the human–urine–nutrient solution–halophytic plant–human cycle. The study consisted of (i) selecting a halophyte suitable for inclusion in a BLSS, and (ii) determining growth conditions supporting maximal Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation in the shoots of the halophyte growing in a nutrient solution simulating mineralized urine. For the selected halophytic plant, Salicornia europaea, growth rate under optimal conditions, biomass production and quantities of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ absorbed were determined. Characteristics of a plant production conveyor consisting of S.europaea at various ages, and allowing continuity of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ turnover, were estimated. It was shown that closure of the NaCl cycle in a BLSS can be attained if the daily ration of fresh Salicornia biomass for a BLSS inhabitant is approximately 360 g.     

Crop selection for advanced life support systems in the ESA MELiSSA program: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum)

As part of an ESA MELiSSA investigation into advanced life support (ALS) candidate crop cultivar selection and growth requirements, the University of Guelph’s Controlled Environment Systems Research Facility (CESRF) conducted a case study on growth and development of four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum var durum) grown hydroponically under controlled conditions in a sealed environment. Cultivars tested were Canadian developed Avonlea, Commander, Eurostar and Strongfield. There were few fundamental differences in durum quality parameters between hydroponically and field grown wheat, however yields of Eurostar and Strongfield exceeded those of field trials by 41% and 87% respectively.     

基于模糊聚类分析的电力客户信用评价算法

通过对模糊聚类算法的分析，针对电力客户信用分类的特征，提出了基于模糊聚类分析的电力客户信用评价算法。得到了不同客户群的聚类中心以及客户的隶属度矩阵，为客户群的特征分析提供了量化依据。试验对比结果表明，本文方法得到了满意的客户聚类及分类结果。     

飞机维修工具的自制与评估探索

在飞机维修过程中,自制工具往往能起到提高工作效率、降低维修成本的积极作用。但由于飞机维修行业的特殊性,维修工具不可随意自制,局方对于自制工具有着明确的限制和要求。本文结合实例,探讨了如何准确地对飞机维修自制工具进行分类和评估。     

一种辐射环境下小子样试验评估方法

对元器件在辐射环境下的小子样试验评估方法作了分析研究，基于元器件辐射损伤阈值服从正态分布的假设，采用基于虚拟增广的小子样试验评估方法对元器件抗辐射能力进行评估，得到了元器件在给定置信水平下的损伤阈值下限及在给定辐射水平下的生存能力，通过实例验证了评估方法的可行性。在labview开发环境下完成方法的软件研制。方法可为航天器的抗辐射加固设计与评估提供有益参考。     

大规模无参考译文质量自动评测技术的研究

传统的译文质量自动评测方法主要针对机器自动翻译结果并通过与参考译文的对比实现译文质量的评估。提出一种大规模无参考译文质量自动评测方法,该方法可以在无参考译文的情况下,从正确性、流畅性和忠实度等方面对人工译文进行质量检查并标注可能的错误点,即利用语言规则实现正确性的判断,利用语言模型实现流畅性的判断,利用词对齐结果和词典信息实现忠实度的判断。基于该方法实现的译文质量辅助检查系统在国家知识产权局百万专利翻译项目中的应用效果表明,使用该系统的测试组较未使用该系统的测试组的平均译文质量和终稿完成效率均有明显提升。     

以成果为导向的精益管理中评价体系的建立

从实际工作出发,结合Ameco已经取得的成果,提出了建立以成果为导向的精益管理评价体系的目标和意义,阐述了具体的评价指标,并以实例进行了说明。     

基于模糊理论的直升机驾驶舱人机工效综合评价研究

影响驾驶舱人机工效的因素非常多，交联关系复杂，在对其进行综合评价时，必须考虑系统因素内在的模糊性、评价指标与原则定义上的模糊性以及评价专家认识上的模糊性。探讨应用模糊综合评价的方法进行驾驶舱人机工效评价，给出了应用模糊综合评价法进行人机工效评价的一般过程和处理方式，并用典型事例进行验证。