Extrinsic calibration of a laser displacement sensor in a non-contact coordinate measuring machine

In order to implement 3D scanning of those complicated parts such as blades in the aviation field,a non-contact optical measuring system is established in the paper,which integrates a laser displacement sensor,a probe head,the frame of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM),etc.As the output of the laser sensor directly obtained possesses the 1D length of the laser beam,it needs to determine the unit direction vector of the laser beam denoted as (l,m,n) by calibration so as to convert the 1D values into 3D coordinates of target points.Therefore,an extrinsic calibration method based on a standard sphere is proposed to accomplish this task in the paper.During the calibration procedure,the laser sensor moves along with the motion of the CMM and gathers the required data on the spherical surface.Then,both the output of the laser sensor and the grating readings of the CMM are substituted into the constraint equation of the spherical surface,in which an over-determined nonlinear equation group containing unknown parameters is established.For the purpose of solving the equation group,a method based on non-linear least squares optimization is put forward.Finally,the system after calibration is utilized to measure the diameter of a metallic sphere 10 times from different orientations to verify the calibration accuracy.In the experiment,the errors between the measured results and the true values are all smaller than 0.03 mm,which manifests the validity and practicality of the extrinsic calibration method presented in the paper.     

振荡函数的移动最小二乘逼近方法

移动最小二乘法在求解偏微分方程数值解中得到广泛使用,但是用等距节点逼近振荡函数时逼近精度不高,针对这一问题,用适应函数变化的非均匀节点离散求解区域,与之相适应,移动最小二乘法中权函数的支撑域半径也随节点密度变化,这里用基于领域搜索算法确定支撑域半径。数值算例表明,在移动最小二乘法中,用适应节点变化的节点集及基于领域的搜索算法确定支撑域半径能够有效减小逼近误差。     

激光捷联惯导系统温度误差补偿研究

针对激光陀螺惯性导航系统中惯性器件零偏随温度变化的情况,在-30℃～+50℃温度范围内,通过大量的温度实验,建立了零偏与温度变化的多项式模型,并用该模型对实验数据进行了补偿,扣除地速和重力加速度的分量,惯性器件输出几乎为零。最后在不同温度下进行了初始对准实验,实验结果表明：经过温度补偿后,在-30℃～+50℃ 温度内,俯仰角误差平均在0.0019° 以内,横滚角误差平均在0.0038°以内,航向角误差平均在0.014° 以内,接近了常温下的初始对准精度,满足了系统的指标要求。     

Combination methods of tropospheric time series

In this article we present two methods for combination of different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) time-series for the same GNSS site, but from different producers or different processing setups. One method has been setup at ASI/CGS, the other at KNMI. Using Near Real-Time (NRT) ZTD data covering 1 year from the E-GVAP project, the performance of the two methods is inter-compared and validation is made against a combined ZTD solution from EUREF, based on post-processed ZTDs. Further, validation of the ASI combined solutions is made against independent ZTDs derived from radiosonde, Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) ZTD.     

面对面平行度误差的数学模型

简要地叙述了面对面平行度误差的正交最小二乘评定法和最小条件评定法,并分别建立了评定面对面平行度误差的数学模型。该原理可扩展到其他平行度误差的评定。     

递推最小二乘法在角位置误差检定中的应用

全组合方法能够把测角系统的角位置误差和棱体的工作角偏差有效地分离出来。在满足角位置误差测量精度的情况下,为了提高测试效率,将递推最小二乘法应用于组合测角中。本文以23面棱体与391齿盘的偏差检定为例,设计了递推最小二乘法的检测软件,实现了每增加一个量测序列,就可以显示新的工作角偏差向量,新的测试的残余误差与计算的随机误差的标准差,提高了测试效率。此方法不仅可以用于棱体一齿盘的检定中,而且可以用于圆感应同步器、光栅等测角系统中。     

多操纵面飞机气动参数在线辨识新方法研究

以多操纵面布局飞机为对象,针对其操纵面冗余造成的激励信号线性相关及控制过程中存在的信号激励不足问题,对最小二乘辨识算法进行了改进。新方法将先验经验引入在线辨识过程,可以克服弱信号输入造成的辨识不准确;采用激励-补偿机制,增加激励信号,改善了辨识结果的精度。以六自由度非线性飞机模型为对象进行的姿态控制系统仿真验证表明,当操纵面完好时,该方法能够在线修正建模误差;当飞机操纵面损伤时,该方法能够迅速反映操纵面气动参数的变化,提高了控制系统的适应性和鲁棒性。     

测量微小温差的石英晶体传感器

本从阐述石英谐振器的电特性入手,说明采用 5°Y 切型石英晶片组成的石英测温探头的基本原理和构造。并且根据试验数据,运用最小二乘法的数学原理,找到了这种测温探头的频率——温度特性的拟合曲线函数。由此可见分辨率高,线性好是石英温度传感器的突出特点,而且它的输出是频率信号,易实现远传和数字化测量。为解决航天、航空、石油探测、地震预报等方面微小温差的测量提供了一种方便可靠的测温手段。     

朔月期间基于SEMOI的卫星自主导航方法研究

为解决朔月期的卫星自主导航,提出了一种利用日地月光学信息(SEMOI)的实现方法。利用朔月期卫星-太阳方向矢量与卫星-地球方向矢量间夹角,由迭代最小二乘法估计历元时刻的卫星定位数据,并以轨道预报方式实现卫星自主导航。给出了计算流程。仿真结果表明,该法的定位精度可满足民用卫星的导航要求。最后讨论了采样周期和敏感器精度等因素对定位精度的影响。     

基于最小二乘支撑矢量机的陀螺仪漂移预测

研究了支撑矢量机的回归估计算法。针对标准支撑矢量机算法训练速度慢、难以解决大规模问题的局限性，对标准算法的约束条件加以改进，得到一种最小二乘支撑矢量机回归估计算法，该算法大大提高了支撑矢量机的训练速度和解决大规模问题的能力。论文将最小二乘支撑矢量机应用于陀螺仪的漂移预测中，仿真实验结果证明了算法的有效性和可行性，为陀螺仪的实时预测及故障预报提供了可能。