飞机前轮随滑行速度限偏的分析研究

飞机在起飞降落阶段前轮偏度过大会发生侧翻,应根据滑跑速度合理限制前轮的偏度。基于侧翻现象发生的原理,通过分析起飞降落阶段前轮偏转时飞机相对侧翻轴的合力矩,得到前轮极限滚动方向偏度;建立前轮滚动方向偏度和偏转角度的关系,计算起飞降落状态下各速度的前轮限偏角度以及考虑飞机螺旋桨不对称滑流的前轮中立位,得到前轮的偏转范围。结果表明：计算得到的前轮限偏范围符合前轮限偏的一般特性,能够防止侧翻的同时最大保留前轮纠偏能力。     

简析PW1100G进气道唇口蒙皮损伤修理

以PW1100G发动机进气道为例,简析其主要结构特点,总结整理典型唇口蒙皮损伤的修理方法,并结合实际维修过程中的经验数据,对不同程度损伤修理方法的选用进行梳理。     

航天器单层板结构弹道极限的支持向量机预测模型

提出了一种基于非线性不可分支持向量机（SVM）方法的航天器单层板结构弹道极限预测模型。利用实验数据对SVM进行训练,建立穿透点和未穿透点的分隔面,进而预测新结构弹道极限特性。SVM的训练问题是以实验点分类正确性为约束,预测置信度最大化为目标的二次规划问题,用Lagrange对偶方法有效求解了该训练问题,并通过附加Lagrange乘子的上限约束处理不可分数据集。引入二次核函数将线性SVM推广到非线性,有效实现了实验点的分类。利用超高速碰撞实验数据对SVM弹道极限预测模型进行了验证,计算对比表明SVM方法有效预测了弹道极限,并且精度高于NASA JSC单层板弹道极限方程。对分离面方程分离变量,建立了基于SVM的弹道极限方程显式表达式。     

蜂窝夹层板超高速撞击极限方程分析

为分析撞击极限方程对蜂窝夹层结构的穿透特性的预测能力,调研得到了3类撞击极限方程的表达形式和等效方法,以及131个采用碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)面板的蜂窝夹层板结构的试验数据,并对撞击极限方程的预测能力进行了比较计算。结果发现,MET方程对他源数据的四种(未失效、失效、总体以及安全)预测率均大于80%,进行在轨航天器结构的失效分析时可优先选用;SRL方程对本源数据的安全预测率达到了100%,在他源数据上的安全预测率也很高,适用于航天器防护结构设计。探讨了撞击极限方程中的系数、速度分界值的优化思路,以提高撞击极限方程的预测率。     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

单涡/贫油驻涡燃烧室的出口温度分布试验研究

本文采用实验方法对单涡贫油驻涡燃烧室的出口温度分布的影响因素进行了研究,通过分析实验数据得到了如下结论：（1）凹腔气量对出口温度分布影响较大。随着凹腔气量的增加,出口温度分布系数先增加后减小,这与掺混射流的穿透深度有关。（2）燃油掺混温度对出口温度分布的影响也较大。掺混温度小于423K时出口温度分布系数偏高,且随着温度升高略有增加。温度高于423K时出口温度分布系数开始减小。（3）燃油供油量对出口温度分布也有重要影响。当燃油量增加时,出口温度分布系数随之增加。     

以精细化管理提升计量人员管理水平

指出了在计量人员管理中引入精细化管理的重要意义,详细阐述了精细化管理在计量人员管理体制改革、程序和制度建设、信息化建设三个方面的具体实践。     

基于立体视觉的板料成形极限应变测量关键技术及其系统

 设计并实现了一种基于双目立体视觉和数字图像相关方法的板料成形极限应变测量系统—BOSAS(双目视觉应变测量分析系统),对其中的关键技术作了深入讨论。该系统可以克服传统坐标网格方法很难进行变形过程的动态监控、自动化程度不高等局限,并可计算试件各变形阶段全场应变分布,以及重建不同变形时刻下试件的几何外形。将分段位移传递法和有限应变理论相结合,可计算大变形下的极限应变。对深冲铝板6016以及航空铝板2A12-T4、2A12-O、7B04-O等材料的应变测量结果显示本文方法适用于板料成形三维变形及极限应变的测量,并将测得数据与由坐标网格方法测得的数据进行比较,结果表明本文方法测量准确、可靠。     

单涡/贫油驻涡燃烧室的出口温度分布试验

采用试验方法对单涡贫油驻涡燃烧室的出口温度分布的影响因素进行了研究,通过分析试验数据得到如下结论:①凹腔气量对出口温度分布影响较大.随着凹腔气量的增加,出口温度分布系数(OTDF)先增加后减小,与掺混射流的穿透深度有关.②燃油掺混温度对出口温度分布的影响也较大.当燃油掺混温度较小时,出口温度分布系数较低.随着燃油掺混温度增加,出口温度分布系数随之先增加后减小.③燃油供油量对出口温度分布也有重要影响.当燃油量增加时,出口温度分布系数随之先增加后减小.      

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.