航空发动机高温升燃烧室贫油熄火及冒烟性能研究

高温升燃烧室头部燃烧组织方案设计,以改善高温升燃烧室的贫油熄火边界及冒烟性能。该方案的特点是采用了三旋流器以及双油路复合式喷嘴,设计的主燃区油气分布相当均匀,而回流区内的油气分布是局部富油的。以常规双旋流器+双油路压力雾化喷嘴(旋流杯)燃烧室作为一个基准方案,在相同的进口实验条件下与本研究方案进行了贫油熄火和出口冒烟性能的比较。实验表明,本研究方案与常规的双旋流杯设计方案相比燃烧稳定性好及出口冒烟改善。      

国际空间站有效载荷集成流程分析

国际空间站（ISS）针对有效载荷从论证、研制到随ISS飞行的过程建立了标准集成流程和精益集成流程两种模式,这两种模式互为补充,有效支持了ISS载荷随飞行任务的滚动实施。在有效载荷集成过程中,NASA采用多线并行的方式,其集成流程从理念上不完全等同于传统卫星有效载荷随飞行任务实施的研制流程,并设置有效载荷集成经理,架设有效载荷管理方、研制方和研究团队之间的桥梁。通过对国际空间站有效载荷集成过程的深入分析,提出可供我国空间站有效载荷集成借鉴的经验,如提供快速集成流程、加强有效载荷集成管理、强化有效载荷全寿命周期管理等。     

Hybrid method based on flame volume concept for lean blowout limits prediction of aero engine combustors

The Lean Blowout (LBO) limit is crucial for the aircraft engines. The semi-empirical (such as Lefebvre’s LBO model and Flame Volume (FV) model), numerical and hybrid methods are widely utilized for the LBO limit quick prediction. An innovative hybrid method based on the FV concept is proposed. This method can be classified as a semi-empirical/physical based hybrid prediction method. In this hybrid method, it is assumed that the flame volume varies nearly linearly with the fuel/air ratio near the LBO. The flame volume is obtained directly by the numerical simulation using the threshold value of the visible flame boundary as 900 K. Then the final LBO limits is determined by the FV model. On the premise of keeping the good generality of prediction, the hybrid method based on the FV concept can further improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison with the prediction of the existing available methods on fifteen combustors shows that the hybrid method based on the FV concept achieves better prediction accuracy. The prediction uncertainties between the experimental results and the predicted values by the hybrid method based on the FV concept are within about ±10%.     

旋转调制光纤陀螺惯导寻北精度探索

高精度寻北是旋转调制光纤陀螺惯导实现高精度导航的前提,也是其技术优势的体现。针对当前旋转调制光纤陀螺惯导在快速高精度寻北中遇到的问题,对其寻北精度极限进行了深入研究,梳理出4项最主要的影响因素,对其影响机理、误差模型、量级进行了深入的分析,并通过样机试验进行了验证。结果表明,尽管随机游走系数是制约寻北精度极限的最终因素,但陀螺刻度系数误差、扰动速度、航向效应等误差处理不好,将严重影响旋转调制寻北精度;通过采取措施,高精度光纤陀螺旋转调制惯导5min寻北精度已达到35″(3σ),进一步提高精度的措施正在研究中。     

离心条件下后台阶贫油熄火特性

利用气流通过弯管产生的离心效应来模拟高速旋转的工况,研究高位后台阶火焰稳定器的关键几何参数对液雾燃烧贫油熄火特性的影响.通过控制后台阶高度,台阶板长度,后台阶到上壁面的距离三个几何参数,考察它们对后台阶火焰稳定器贫油熄火特性的影响.试验得到的结果表明在离心条件下,后台阶高度和台阶板长度对贫油熄火特性的影响较大,随着后台...     

基于ADRC的航空发动机限制保护器设计

发动机限制保护器在航空发动机运行过程中对特定的被限制量进行实时监控,在其超出安全范围时实施限制,实现对航空发动机的保护.将自抗扰技术用于限制保护控制器设计,利用自抗扰控制器的扩张观测器,动态估计未知扰动和系统特性,对实际控制量进行反馈补偿,实现超限后的快速保护,提高了发动机的安全性.仿真结果表明:所设计的自抗扰限制保护控制器能将超限偏差有效转化为对主回路指令的修正,综合控制系统响应速度快,达到了限制保护的目的.     

小迎角高超声速非旋转钝锥非线性运动分析

采用分段拟合技术对小迎角高超声速(马赫数Ma=6)非旋转钝锥双平面拍摄风洞自由飞试验结果进行了分析,获得了非旋转钝锥在小迎角高超声速下气动导数非线性的具体形式,分析了非旋转钝锥在小迎角下的非线性运动特点。研究发现在小迎角范围内钝锥的动导数系数均呈现明显的非线性,而静导数系数非线性较弱,可近似为线性。各组试验的静、动导数系数的非线性形式表明,除模型Ⅱ外的其余模型均为两方向振幅不同的极限圆锥运动,模型Ⅱ为极限平面运动。每组试验两个平面的静导数系数在小迎角范围内保持基本相等。而无论出现极限圆锥运动的四组试验还是出现极限平面运动的一组试验,模型在俯仰和偏航两个方向的动导数系数均存在较大差异。     

基于滑模控制的航空发动机多变量约束管理

针对航空发动机传统单变量线性控制器min-max切换方法处理约束的不足,提出了单变量滑模控制器替换所有线性控制器的改进策略,并将该方法拓展为新切换逻辑下的多变量滑模控制结构。基于改进的单变量滑模控制器min-max结构,多变量控制策略中加入了多变量滑模主控制器和新的切换逻辑,充分利用发动机的所有控制量,克服了传统方法的保守性,进一步提高发动机约束下的动态性能。对稳态时工作的控制器进行了理论分析,建立了多变量控制器实现精确跟踪的充要条件。仿真结果表明,多变量控制方法在更苛刻的约束条件下能够实现跟踪任务,而且提高了推力跟踪的快速性,调节时间从1.91 s缩短到1.54 s,同时降低了稳态时的油耗。     

火焰筒压力损失对贫油熄火特性和燃烧效率的影响

以3.0%火焰筒压力损失火焰筒作为基准,分别设计了2.5%和2.0%火焰筒压力损失的火焰筒,通过试验研究火焰筒压力损失对贫油熄火性能及燃烧效率的影响.在模拟慢车状态下,低压力损失方案均比基准方案的贫油熄火油气比低,2.5%方案的贫油熄火油气比最低;在模拟高温高压状态,3种方案火焰筒燃烧效率对火焰筒压力损失不敏感.综合比较地面起动点火试验结果,在该基准上将火焰筒压力损失降低至2.5%不会对燃烧室综合燃烧性能造成不利影响.      

CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.