双喷管差动式小推力测量装置的设计与分析

为了研究喷管型面对小推力火箭发动机推力性能的影响,设计并建设了双喷管差动式小推力测量装置及其附属设备.在测量装置中,基准喷管和待测喷管同轴反向设置,通过测量结构应变来直接测量两个喷管的推力差.对测量装置进行了简化模型理论分析,导出其灵敏系数理论公式.依据该公式进行关键参数设计,确定合理的灵敏系数,指导试验系统设计,以保证测量精度.验证性试验表明测量装置可以测量牛级推力差,标定曲线线性较好,以基准喷管推力作为比较对象,推力差的相对扩展不确定度为0.5％.推力差与基准喷管推力的比值越小,以基准喷管推力为比较对象的相对测量不确定度越小.测量装置可以用于小推力火箭发动机喷管性能分析及优化的试验研究.     

金属密封件镀金工艺研究

介绍了金属密封件镀金工艺技术,该工艺采用亚硫酸盐镀金方案,以单脉冲电源为镀覆电源,以预镀镍层为中间镀层来制备金镀层,得到了结晶细致、厚度均匀并与基体上结合牢固的金镀层.研究了金镀层的沉积速率和结合强度,观察了镀层的表面形貌和组织结构,进行了金属密封件气密性试验和典型试验.结果表明：金属密封件金镀层的技术性能指标满足设计要求,能够应用于液体火箭发动机中,该发动机已通过地面热试车考核.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations,the effect of the...     

Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount.The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶.The results show that the change of the amount of protru...     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

1.5级涡轮实验台前腔燃气入侵实验

在1.5级涡轮实验台上,针对不同转速和不同封严质量流量,分别采用稳态压力测量、瞬态压力测量和二氧化碳体积分数法对燃气入侵现象进行了实验研究,以确定不同工况下主流的动静叶相互作用对燃气入侵的影响以及入侵到盘腔的燃气在腔内与冷气的掺混过程.结果表明:静叶后的时均压力在周向有明显的周期分布,部分区域封严环外的压力高于腔内压力,且随着封严质量流量增加,这一区域逐渐缩小;动叶扫掠带来同频率的压力波动,对于燃气入侵的发生有着重要的影响;通过二氧化碳体积分数实验获得了最小封严质量流量,并得到在封严质量流量不足情况下燃气沿着静盘侧入侵盘腔的结果.      

潜射导弹级间段密封圈动态密封性能模拟试验方法

根据潜射导弹级间段密封圈在出水过程中的动态变形参数设计了一套模拟试验件和加载、加水及测量装置,采用摆锤冲击加载方式和裂纹动态张开位移测量方法再现了密封圈在导弹出水过程中的使用条件,证明密封圈在规定的开缝宽度、开缝时间和弹体内外压差的使用环境下能够保证防水和密封效果。利用两自由度冲击响应模型分析了试验的动响应曲线,给出了试验系统模态参数的识别结果。     

台阶篦齿与衬套轴向位置和转速对封严特性影响的实验

设计了上台阶和下台阶篦齿两组实验模型,研究了旋转和静止两种状态下篦齿进出口压比、篦齿与衬套轴向相对位置以及转速对封严特性的影响.结果表明:齿型结构尺寸相同时,上台阶篦齿和下台阶篦齿的封严特性相似,增加篦齿前后腔压比,台阶篦齿的泄漏系数增加;进口总压和总温一定时,齿间压力沿流动方向线性下降;台阶篦齿与台阶衬套的轴向相对位置的改变对台阶篦齿的泄漏量影响不大;低转速时旋转速度对台阶篦齿泄漏影响也不大.      

螺旋槽端面气膜密封结构高温特性研究

为了研究螺旋槽端面气膜密封结构在高温下的密封性能,建立了高温密封分析数学模型,研究了螺旋槽气膜密封的气膜温度、压力以及端面变形分布规律,在此基础上探讨了螺旋槽气膜密封的热变形机理,并进一步分析了不同密封压力、转速、环境温度下热效应对开启力和泄漏率的影响。结果表明:在高压、高速条件下,热效应使端面形成发散间隙,导致开启力减小,泄漏率增加;在低压、高速条件下,热效应使端面形成收敛间隙,导致开启力及泄漏率增大。对于螺旋槽端面气膜密封结构,环境温度的升高对端面变形的影响不明显,且环境温度从300 K升至550 K时,考虑端面热效应的开启力减小4%,泄漏率减少36%。     

直通篦齿蜂窝封严结构的风阻特性试验

试验研究了直通直齿和直通斜齿与蜂窝衬套和光滑衬套4种组合的三齿两腔封严结构的风阻特性,得到了风阻特性随转速、压比、衬套和齿形结构的变化规律.结果表明:4种组合封严结构在低转速时风阻生热基本都可以忽略,转速在3000r/min到6000r/min之间变化时风阻生热引起的流体总温升随转速增大;采用光滑衬套时,泄漏流体流至首级齿腔处的总温升占进出口总温升比例维持在45%以上,而蜂窝衬套对气流黏滞作用大,低压比时首级齿腔总温升占进出口总温升的比例仅有20%左右,继续增加压比,首级齿腔处的总温升比例由20%增加到50%左右后保持不变;相同衬套时,斜齿比直齿具有较长的齿表面曲线长度,从而具有较高的风阻生热.