从比较优势论和竞争优势论的内在联系看发展中国家主导产业的选择

从比较优势论和竞争优势论内在联系出发 ,从理论和现实两个方面分析了发展中国家不应盲目选择高新技术产业作为主导产业 ,也不能单纯依靠发展传统产业 ,而应该促进两者的有机结合 ,形成一个互促互进的动态良性循环之势 ,逐渐实现产业结构的升级换代。     

典型激波针减阻降热特性及流动机理

为研究激波针对超/高超声速钝头飞行器进行减阻降热的相关特性,采用数值模拟方法对6种典型激波针构型的流动特征开展系统研究。给出了激波针长度、来流马赫数对流动特征的影响规律,并对其形成机理进行了探讨。结果显示:马赫数较低时,头部有扰流物的5种激波针在回流区即将分裂时减阻率最大;马赫数较高时,减阻率在回流区分裂前后出现局部峰值,但最大减阻率将出现在回流区分裂后更长的激波针长度下。马赫数为3时,6种构型减阻率达最大时的相对长度在0.8~1.2之间,相比而言,球型、半球型和双锥型的减阻效果最好,最大减阻率为45%~50%;圆锥型最差,为20%~25%,明显低于头部有扰流物的构型。相同的激波针长度下,头部有扰流物构型的减阻率随马赫数增大而增大,圆锥型则相反。流场回流区、分离激波、弓形激波、局部膨胀流动等导致的压力分布变化是构型整体阻力变化的主要成因。      

高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘的三维轮廓

为了解决高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘三维轮廓的难题,提出了一种基于球阵列标定检验方法,直接对金属表面的叶片前缘三维轮廓进行高精度测量的相位轮廓测量系统.通过多角度数据融合算法和非线性最小二乘的递归算法,最后高精度测量出叶片前缘三维轮廓,对叶片前缘16个剖面进行拟合,得出了叶片前缘半径和前缘圆心.结果显示:叶片前缘测量系统、方法和算法的综合误差为±0.03mm.此实验装置和方法测量效率高、精度高,将叶片测量和模型化技术推进了一步.      

轴流压气机试验若干异常气动现象表征与机理分析

在梳理某压气机试验器开展的历次压气机性能试验结果基础上,分析了试验系统发生的若干典型异常气动物理现象,通过试验数据表征分析与抑制方法试验验证,初步揭示了压气机试验异常气动现象的形成机制.研究结果表明:进口局部导叶角度失调会对下游流场产生扰动,导致压气机性能与稳定性出现恶化;转子顶部容腔通道逆流是导致压气机转子前外壁静压测量值偏高的原因,通过抑制容腔逆流可以改善压气机气动性能;改变进口节流比观察换算流量是否发生变化,是判定压气机试验进气系统漏气问题的有效方法.研究结果对于指导压气机性能试验故障诊断和提高试验分析能力具有重要作用.      

Mass and performance optimization of an airplane wing leading edge structure against bird strike using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis

Collisions between birds and aircraft are one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. In this study, smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used for simulating the bird strike to an airplane wing leading edge structure. In order to verify the model, first, experiment of bird strike to a flat aluminum plate is simulated, and then bird impact on an airplane wing lead-ing edge structure is investigated. After that, considering dimensions of wing internal structural components like ribs, skin and spar as design variables, we try to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation simultaneously. To do this, bird strike simulations to 18 different wing structures are made based on Taguchi’s L18 factorial design of experiment. Then grey relational analysis is used to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation due to the bird strike. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied and it is concluded that the most significant parameter for the performance of wing structure against impact is the skin thickness. Finally, a validation simu-lation is conducted under the optimal condition to show the improvement of performance of the wing structure.     

固定小翼颤振激励系统激励力建模研究

通过基于双时间方法求解非定常欧拉方程得到固定小翼激励力源数据,分析了这种新型颤振激励系统工作原理,对固定小翼新型颤振激励系统工作原理的分析,建立了激励力简化计算模型。可实现M=0.3～0.5飞机稳定飞行状态下激励力载荷计算,大大简化了计算过程,精度足够满足工程分析,可满足试飞数据实时处理的需要。     

VSV调节机构阻滞力和调节精度的归因分析

基于ANCF方法和摩擦力的NURBS表达算法，构建了考虑装配间隙、尺寸公差、关键件柔性、热影响以及接触摩擦等因素的复杂VSV调节机构的刚柔耦合动力学模型，并依据部件空间分布关系和参数化表述开发了VSV调节机构的快速自动化建模流程，大大提升了建模效率。分别对VSV调节机构的单级模拟气动实验及热态联调实验状态进行了对比仿真，结果表明，所构建的VSV调节机构模型在阻滞力仿真方面具有较高的可信度，且气动力引起的摩擦力矩是造成机构阻滞力、角度调节迟滞和调节精度下降的主要原因，气动力矩对机构阻滞力和角度迟滞影响不明显，关键件柔性对阻滞力影响较小，但却是调节精度降低的内在因素。     

叶片弯掠组合设计对风扇气动噪声的被动控制

转子尾迹与静子叶片干涉是产生风扇离散噪声的主要噪声源之一。环形叶栅几何对于声源项的求解以及管道内的声传播都有重要影响,因此在讨论叶片弯掠组合设计对于风扇噪声的被动控制作用时需要重点强调三维效应的影响。本文利用三维升力面理论,建立了可以考虑叶片弯掠组合影响的气动声学模型。相比数值计算方法,三维升力面理论不存在频散耗散影响,求解快速高效,更加有利于初始阶段的优化设计,以及为数值计算模型提供验证。通过与已有结果的对比,进一步阐述了叶片后掠和周向倾斜对于风扇离散噪声的影响机制。而弯掠组合设计算例的计算结果表明,在某些条件下,选取合适的叶片弯掠造型能够获得很好的降噪效果。由于轴向传播波数的影响,前传声场和后传声场对于弯掠组合的变化趋势存在一定的差异性。     

Design and numerical investigation of swirl recovery vanes for the Fokker 29 propeller

Swirl recovery vanes（SRVs） are a set of stationary vanes located downstream from a propeller, which may recover some of the residual swirl from the propeller, hoping for an improvement in both thrust and efficiency. The SRV concept design for a scaled version representing the Fokker 29 propeller is performed in this paper, which may give rise to a promotion in propulsive performance of this traditional propeller. Firstly the numerical strategy is validated from two aspects of global quantities and the local flow field of the propeller compared with experimental data, and then the exit flow together with the development of propeller wake is analyzed in detail.Three kinds of SRV are designed with multiple circular airfoils. The numerical results show that the swirl behind the propeller is recovered significantly with Model V3, which is characterized by the highest solidity along spanwise, for various working conditions, and the combination of rotor and vane produced 5.76% extra thrust at the design point. However, a lower efficiency is observed asking for a better vane design and the choice of a working point. The vane position is studied which shows that there is an optimum range for higher thrust and efficiency.     

可变弯度导叶调节机构柔性多体仿真

为考察可变弯度导叶（VIGV）调节机构在运动过程中各零件的变形以及变形对调节精度、各叶片调节角度一致性的影 响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立VIGV调节机构的柔性和刚性多体动力学3维模型。研究了柔性与刚体模型调节机构运动差 异,并分析了变形量对叶片角度调节的影响。在此基础上,对联动环径向限位、驱动力加载速率以及运动副摩擦阻力对机构调节 精度等影响进行分析。结果表明：在调节角度较小时,柔性模型与刚体模型分析结果基本相当,随着调节角度的增大,各零件的变 形对调节角度的影响逐渐增大,当L形杆转动0.5 rad时,二者可调叶片调节角度相差约0.9。;在运动过程中,运动副摩擦阻力的增 大将增大机构运动所需的驱动力,驱动力加载速率对叶片角度调节的影响在一定范围内可以忽略;联动环径向限位的取消或分布 的不均匀均将引起叶片调节角度不同程度的差异,无联动环径向限位下,各摇臂之间的调节角度存在最大相差约0.3°的差异。