Galactic outflows and the pollution of the galactic environment by supernovae

We here explore the effects of the SN explosions into the halo of star-forming galaxies like the Milky Way. Successive randomly distributed and clustered SNe explosions cause the formation of hot superbubbles that drive either fountains or galactic winds above the galactic disk, depending on the amount and concentration of energy that is injected by the SNe. In a galactic fountain, the ejected gas is re-captured by the gravitational potential and falls back onto the disk. From 3D non-equilibrium radiative cooling hydrodynamical simulations of these fountains, we find that they may reach altitudes up to about 5 kpc in the halo and thus allow for the formation of the so called intermediate-velocity-clouds (IVCs) which are often observed in the halos of disk galaxies. The high-velocity-clouds that are also observed but at higher altitudes (of up to 12 kpc) require another mechanism to explain their production. We argue that they could be formed either by the capture of gas from the intergalactic medium and/or by the action of magnetic fields that are carried to the halo with the gas in the fountains. Due to angular momentum losses to the halo, we find that the fountain material falls back to smaller radii and is not largely spread over the galactic disk. Instead, the SNe ejecta fall nearby the region where the fountain was produced, a result which is consistent with recent chemical models of the galaxy. The fall back material leads to the formation of new generations of molecular clouds and to supersonic turbulence feedback in the disk.     

A material experiment for small satellites to characterise the behaviour of carbon nanotubes in space – development and ground validation

Over the last years, Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) drew interdisciplinary attention. Regarding space technologies a variety of potential applications were proposed and investigated. However, no complex data on the behaviour and degradation process of carbon nanotubes under space environment exist. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the performance of these new materials in space environment and to revaluate the application potential of CNTs in space technologies.Hence, CiREX (Carbon Nanotubes – Resistance Experiment) was developed as a part of a student project. It is a small and compact experiment, which is designed for CubeSat class space satellites. These are a class of nanosatellites with a standardized size and shape. The CiREX design, electrical measurements and the satellites interfaces will be discussed in detail. CiREX is the first in-situ space material experiment for CNTs.To evaluate the data obtained from CiREX, ground validation tests are mandatory. As part of an extensive test series the behaviour of CNTs under solar ultra violet light (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV) was examined. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and MWNT/resin composite (ME) were exposed to different light sources. After the exposure, the defect density was investigated with Raman spectroscopy. There is a clear indication that UV and VUV light can increase the defect density of untreated CNTs and influence the electrical behaviour.     

基于P2P的一种负载饱和避免技术研究

在点对点体系结构的分布式虚拟环境系统中,由于客户机节点的计算能力和带宽的异构性,以及发生在客户机程序之间交互信息量的不同,会导致一些客户机出现负载饱和。一台客户机的负载饱和不仅影响本机程序的运行,也会对周围其他的客户机的运行产生影响,这限制了分布式虚拟环境系统的性能。研究提出了一种在点对点体系结构的分布式虚拟环境系统中避免客户机负载饱和的技术,试验结果显示了所提出的方法有效地改进了系统的性能。     

航空运输业排放权交易研究

首先介绍了排放权交易的起源、概念、经济理论和国际法基础,然后重点总结了欧盟将航空运输活动纳入排放权交易的主要内容,最后,提出了我国民航实施排放权交易需解决的关键问题。     

海洋环境与疲劳载荷联合作用下喷丸超高强度钢损伤机制

舰载机起落架结构既要遭受海洋大气、海上盐雾和海浪飞溅等严酷海洋环境的侵蚀作用,又要承受较大的弹射起飞/拦阻着舰载荷,在海洋环境与疲劳载荷联合作用下超高强度钢起落架结构承载能力显著劣化,对使用安全构成严重挑战。针对超高强度钢喷丸和未喷丸两种试验件,基于舰载机服役的海洋环境,开展了腐蚀+疲劳交替试验和预腐蚀疲劳试验研究,得到了疲劳寿命变化规律,通过粗糙度、晶粒度、显微硬度、残余应力和疲劳断口分析,揭示了喷丸对疲劳寿命增强的作用机制、腐蚀+疲劳损伤交替作用机制和预腐蚀疲劳损伤作用机制。结果表明,喷丸强化后疲劳寿命平均增幅为93.1%;对于喷丸试验件,深度约为20 μm的轻微点蚀,导致疲劳寿命衰减幅度达到30%;喷丸强化与腐蚀两者之间存在着此消彼长的竞争机制;腐蚀+疲劳交替作用损伤机制对该型超高强度钢造成的疲劳寿命衰减要比预腐蚀疲劳损伤机制严重得多,加速腐蚀试验时间相同的条件下前者疲劳寿命为后者的47%~54%。     

无人机机载导弹落角和时间控制导引律研究

改进了一种能同时控制命中角和命中时间的修正比例导引律,将其用到无人机机载空对地导弹中,将其中的剩余时间估计加入了命中角约束的影响,旨在保证无人机机载导弹垂直命中目标的同时,使命中时间更为准确.通过对此导引律和一种仅考虑垂直命中角约束的修正比例导引律以及和改进前导引律的比较,仿真表明,此导引律使无人机机载导弹能在保证垂直...     

Station-keeping control for a stratospheric airship platform via fuzzy adaptive backstepping approach

This paper presents a novel approach for station-keeping control of a stratospheric airship platform in the presence of parametric uncertainty and external disturbance. First, conceptual design of the stratospheric airship platform is introduced, including the target mission, configuration, energy sources, propeller and payload. Second, the dynamics model of the airship platform is presented, and the mathematical model of its horizontal motion is derived. Third, a fuzzy adaptive backstepping control approach is proposed to develop the station-keeping control system for the simplified horizontal motion. The backstepping controller is designed assuming that the airship model is accurately known, and a fuzzy adaptive algorithm is used to approximate the uncertainty of the airship model. The stability of the closed-loop control system is proven via the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach.     

Optimal guidance based on receding horizon control for low-thrust transfer to libration point orbits

This paper addresses the design and computation of a guidance law for a transfer mission from an orbit near the Earth to a halo orbit around the libration point L₂ in the Sun–Earth system. The guidance law, which is designed based on receding horizon control and compensates for launch velocity errors that are introduced by inaccuracies of the launch vehicle, is solved using the generating function method. During the design of the closed-loop guidance law, the entire transfer mission, which is considered a nonlinear optimal control problem, is evaluated to obtain a nominal reference trajectory. Using the launch velocity errors and the uncertainty of the model, a spacecraft controlled by the proposed guidance law tracks the reference trajectory. Furthermore, the original Riccati differential equation in the receding horizon control algorithm is replaced by an equivalent convenient form of the Riccati differential equation that is based on the generating function. The high-efficiency solution of the equivalent equation avoids the online direct integration of the original Riccati differential equation, which significantly increases the computational efficiency for the receding horizon control problem. Numerical simulations using a nonlinear bicircular four-body model demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed receding horizon guidance law for the transfer mission. In addition, the generating function method improves the computational efficiency by at least one order of magnitude over the backward sweep method in solving the receding horizon control problem.     

复杂电磁环境表征方法

复杂电磁环境表征是电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应研究的基础性问题之一.基于电磁环境的复杂性特点,提出了一种复杂电磁环境表征方法,该方法从实体环境、电磁信号环境和基于特定电子信息装备的电磁信号环境等三个方面进行参数化描述,为复杂电磁环境认知和模拟奠定基础.     

油气式缓冲器充填参数试验过程动态模拟方法

提出一种新的关于油气式缓冲器充填参数试验过程的动态模拟方法。该方法是按照一定的设计及计算程序，以自动的方式替代传统的人工操作，不但效率高，而且效果好，更新了传统的“试凑”概念，开拓了一条设计新途径。