19世纪末湖南维新思潮中近代民族国家观念的确立

19世纪末的湖南维新思潮,第一次较完整地确立了近代民族国家观念,而确立起近代民族国家观念的结果,就是在处理国际关系时,不再是盲目排外,而是以法理与理性来对抗外国的侵略,所以湖南维新派极力宣扬公法观念和主张文明排外的思想。不过,湖南维新思潮中的民族国家观念存在严重的局限性,即对帝国主义侵略性一面缺乏准确的认识。     

Sulfur “concrete” for lunar applications – Sublimation concerns

Melting sulfur and mixing it with an aggregate to form “concrete” is commercially well established and constitutes a material that is particularly well-suited for use in corrosive environments. Discovery of the mineral troilite (FeS) on the moon poses the question of extracting the sulfur for use as a lunar construction material. This would be an attractive alternative to conventional concrete as it does not require water. However, the viability of sulfur concrete in a lunar environment, which is characterized by lack of an atmosphere and extreme temperatures, is not well understood. Here it is assumed that the lunar ore can be mined, refined, and the raw sulfur melded with appropriate lunar regolith to form, for example, bricks. This study evaluates pure sulfur and two sets of small sulfur concrete samples that have been prepared using JSC-1 lunar stimulant and SiO₂ powder as aggregate additions. Each set was subjected to extended periods in a vacuum environment to evaluate sublimation issues. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed within the context of the lunar environment.     

国家赔偿法修正管见——以国家赔偿经费管理为例

国家赔偿不仅仅是法律问题,同时也是复杂的财务、行政管理问题,国家赔偿所需要的经费牵涉筹集、理算、支付、统计、审计等多个环节,具有很强的法律和财务专业性.我国目前关于这方面的制度比较简单,存在赔偿水平过低、缺乏公平,赔偿费用筹集和管理体制不畅,权责不清等问题,需要不断加以创新、完善.首先要改进国家赔偿费用的理算依据和程序,二是改良国家赔偿费用筹集和负担体制,三是健全国家赔偿费用的监督和审计工作.     

Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

网络环境下的知识产权保护

网络的发展推进了人类信息化进程。但网络也给知识产权的保护带来了难题。文章通过对网络环境下知识产权保护的诸多问题的讨论及其所使用法律法规的分析 ,从而提出了对其进行保护的措施。     

飞机全电刹车系统设计与分析

飞机全电刹车与传统液压刹车的主要不同在于机电作动机构代替了原来的液压活塞机构,且具有带刹车力矩反馈的特点。论文分析了全电刹车系统机电作动器的结构和工作原理,建立系统整体数学模型;对机轮速度和刹车力矩两个反馈信号,分别采用PBM(压力偏调)和PID控制,仿真结果基本符合要求,体现了全电刹车系统的优越性。     

垂直攻击型武器末制导系统设计与分析

介绍了垂直攻击型武器末制导段的特点,分析了其制导控制系统的特殊要求。针对常规控制方案的不足,提出侧力板控制方案,推导出一种考虑速度变化的变系数比例导引律,并结合某型号飞行器进行了仿真。结果证明,侧力板控制与变系数导引律明显优于常规控制和常系数比例导引律,完全可以满足垂直攻击型武器在末制导段的要求,该项研究为型号设计提供了具有实际参考价值的结论。     

基于神经网络的精确末制导律研究

针对动能杀伤武器重量极小化问题，基于神经网络技术、动态逆补偿法和非线性优化法，研究了两种精确末制导律，一种采用FFBP神经网络学习一要制导方程动态逆实现精神制导，另一种采用FFBP神经网络学习非线性优化解实现精确制导，仿真分析表明，前者对目标加速度估计误差过于敏感，无法实现；而后者在目标加速度有误差时仍能实现精确制导，估于偏置比例导引，并可以使动能杀伤武器重量极小化。     

机械能守恒定律的局限性

机械能守恒定律是力学中的一条重要定律,但它不是一个基本的普适性定律,它的成立与惯性系的选取有关,原因是机械能守恒定律成立的条件为：“只有保守的内力做功,”而保守的内力是物体系内的相互作用力,对于其中任何一个力做的功,由动能定理可知,此力所做的功对不同的惯性系,其值是不同的,做功的多少与惯性系的选择有关,这就造成了机械能守恒定律的局限性。     

加快推进西部大开发的政策立法研究

西部大开发是一个长期的过程，涉及到中央与地方、东部与西部、西部各省、区、市的利益分配与协调问题，需要通过立法予以保障。但西部大开发实施六年以来，有关的立法却一直滞后，这不仅使各地方政府的优惠政策缺乏法律依据，而且无法保障西部的战略性产业合理布局、有序竞争。因此，推进西部大开发战略，需要加快制定和实施《西部开发综合促进法》、《落后地区开发法》和与之相适应的一系列法律法规。