基于滑模控制的末端能量管理方法

简要介绍了末端能量管理的研究情况,然后对末端能量管理段进行轨迹规划。在轨迹规划的基础上,设计基于滑模变结构控制的制导律,对轨迹进行跟踪,对能量进行管理。仿真结果表明,滑模变结构控制在末端能量管理制导中合理、有效,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Rethinking public–private space travel

On May 24, 2012 SpaceX's Dragon capsule was launched and in doing so became the first commercially built vehicle to berth with and carry cargo to the International Space Station (ISS). It successfully completed its mission and returned to the Pacific Ocean on May 31, 2012.¹ The docking of Dragon represented a historic moment where a commercial enterprise managed to achieve that which had previously only been accomplished by governments. “In the history of spaceflight – only four entities have launched a space capsule into orbit and successfully brought it back to Earth: the United States, Russia, China, and SpaceX”.² While this is a monumental accomplishment for private industry, we cannot ignore the value of public–private partnerships and the role that government played in enabling this incredible achievement.In this paper I will examine how public–private partnerships are enabling the development of the commercial space industry, viewed through the lens of the Rethinking Business Institutional Hybrid Framework put forward by University of Oxford professors Marc Ventresca and Alex Nichols in their Rethinking Business MBA course. I intend to demonstrate that the NASA versus Commercial Space argument is a false dichotomy and that only by working together can both sectors continue to push the boundaries of space travel and exploration. I plan to do this by first discussing how the NASA-SpaceX partnership came about and the reasoning behind it. I will then explore what a public–private partnership (PPP) is, as compared to other government privatization schemes, and explain why Space Act Agreements are significantly different from anything done previously. I will then analyze the impact of these agreements and outline their benefits in order to demonstrate the value they create, especially in areas of mutual value creation and economic development.     

空天飞行技术创新与发展展望

首先介绍了空天飞行技术的发展历程与现状；结合各国发展经验及空天飞行器飞行特点提出了空天飞行技术面临的基础科学问题，并依据目前的技术发展情况提出了具体解决途径；阐述了空天飞行技术的未来发展方向。太空是人类的未来，“廉价、便捷、安全、机动”的空天飞行器将颠覆现有进出空间方式开辟新太空时代。     

2020中美阿火星探测任务分析

2020年为火星探测大年,各国相继赶在发射窗口发射自己的火星探测器,截止目前成功赶上发射窗口的国家,按时间先后分别为阿联酋、中国和美国。本文给出了2020年火星探测发射和到达窗口的“猪排”能量图,在有效载荷、发射窗口、运载火箭、地火转移轨道、火星俘获及着陆、通信等方面,对三个国家发射的探测器进行了对比分析,并给出此次火星探测各环节的相关参数。     

航天发射场导流槽综合性能评价指标体系研究

导流槽是航天发射场的重要核心设施,作用是排导火箭发动机产生的高温高压燃气射流。基于计算流体动力学原理,利用理论分析、试验研究和数值仿真方法,开展发动机燃气射流在导流槽内部流动特性以及射流噪声传播和辐射特性等火箭发射环境效应问题研究,对导流槽设计中关心的冲击、烧蚀、通畅性以及喷水冷却系统的效率和噪声防护等问题进行评价,初步建立导流槽优化设计综合性能评价指标,为导流槽综合性能设计提供重要的参考依据。     

电磁线圈发射器垂直发射过程建模与仿真

根据同步感应线圈发射器工作原理,建立了用于垂直发射大载荷的电磁线圈发射器数学模型;以5级发射器为例,对其垂直发射过程进行了动态仿真,得到了放电回路中的电流、发射组件所受电磁力、速度及位移等参数随时间变化的特性曲线。结果表明:电磁线圈发射器(EMCL)垂直发射大载荷过程中载荷的加速过程比较平稳,电流的变化率相对较缓,为几十ms量级;发射组件速度对自身所受电磁力影响较大,随着速度增大,发射组件受到的电磁推力有所下降;随着驱动线圈级数增多,各级驱动线圈放电控制难度加大。但相比电磁线圈炮的超高速发射,EMCL用于低速发射大载荷过程的馈电控制要简单很多。     

Design and simulation of ex-range gliding wing of high altitude air-launched autonomous underwater vehicles based on SIMULINK

 High altitude air-launched autonomous underwater vehicle (AL-AUV) is a new anti-submarine field, which is designed on the Lockheed Martin's high altitude anti-submarine warfare weapons concept (HAAWC) and conducts the basic aerodynamic feasibility in a series of wind tunnel trials. The AL-AUV is composed of a traditional torpedo-like AUV, an additional ex-range gliding wings unit and a descending parachute unit. In order to accurately and conveniently investigate the dynamic and static characteristic of high altitude AL-AUV, a simulation platform is established based on MATLAB/SIMULINK and an AUV 6DOF (Degree of Freedom) dynamic model. Executing the simulation platform for different wing's parameters and initial fixing angle, a set of AUV gliding data is generated. Analyzing the recorded simulation result, the velocity and pitch characteristics of AL-AUV deployed at varying wing areas and initial setting angle, the optimal wing area is selected for specific AUV model. Then the comparative simulations of AL-AUV with the selected wings are completed, which simulate the AUV gliding through idealized windless air environment and gliding with Dryden wind influence. The result indicates that the method of wing design and simulation with the simulation platform based on SIMULINK is accurately effective and suitable to be widely employed.     

试验信息系统兼容性测试策略

结合试验信息系统的特点,以测试发射试验信息系统与安全管理系统的兼容性测试为例,提出了对试验信息系统进行兼容性测试的主要策略,包括业务软件与新增支撑软件在同一运行环境下的运行稳定性、安装/卸载兼容性测试;新增支撑系统或设备在运行期间对交换机网络流量影响的测试;新增系统或软件对CPU（中央处理器）、内存、端口等的占用情况测试等。通过对应用该测试策略的测试结果进行分析,发现了系统兼容性方面的问题。这些策略也可为其他类似系统的兼容性测试提供参考。     

运载火箭捷联惯组全自主对准技术应用研究

我国运载火箭发射前通常通过光学瞄准确定初始方位角,采用捷联惯组自对准解算获取水平姿态角。以可实现简易、快速发射的新型火箭为背景,在发射场阵风等干扰引起箭体低频微幅晃动的环境下,研究了捷联惯组自主对准技术。分析了运载火箭全自主对准的特点,利用以惯性系为参考基准的解析对准法和卡尔曼滤波精对准方法,对高精度全自主对准技术和其在运载火箭上的应用展开了详细论述。开展了全自主对准试验验证,结合新一代运载火箭首飞数据进行了分析。结果表明:捷联惯组全自主对准技术可替代复杂的光学瞄准系统,实现运载火箭发射前初始姿态的确定。     

壁挂式主频可调变截面小卫星结构设计与验证

针对多星并联布局“一箭多星”发射小卫星的模式，为降低星箭连接界面结构受力、提高卫星结构对不同运载火箭的主频适应性、提高星内设备安装空间利用率，本文设计了一种壁挂式主频可调变截面小卫星结构。对该卫星结构，开展了基于有限元方法的模态和静力分析验证，还开展了地面鉴定级振动试验验证和在轨飞行试验验证。分析和试验结果表明，壁挂式卫星结构相比底部连接式卫星结构，星箭连接界面受力可降低67.7%；在不增加卫星结构质量的前提下，仅通过安装或拆卸主传力路径上的部分连接螺钉，就能实现卫星3个方向一阶频率10 Hz左右的可调范围；采用沿运载火箭轴线方向横截面大小可变的变截面结构设计，可将星内设备安装空间的利用率由等截面卫星结构的49.1%提高到74.2%。