Photon counting detector for space debris laser tracking and lunar laser ranging

We are reporting on a design, construction and performance of solid state photon counting detector package which has been designed for laser tracking of space debris. The detector has been optimized for top photon detection efficiency and detection delay stability. The active area of the commercially available avalanche photodiode manufactured on Si (SAP500 supplied by Laser Components, Inc.) is circular with a diameter of 500 μm. The newly designed control circuit enables to operate the detection sensor at a broad range of biases 5–50 V above its breakdown voltage of 125 V. This permits to select a right trade-off between photon detection efficiency, timing resolution and dark count rate. The photon detection efficiency exceeds 70% at the wavelength of 532 nm. This is the highest photon detection efficiency ever reported for such a device. The timing properties of the detector have been investigated in detail. The timing resolution is better than 80 ps r.m.s, the detection delay is stable within units of picoseconds over several hours of operation. The detection delay stability in a sense of time deviation of 800 fs has been achieved. The temperature change of the detection delay is 0.5 ps/K. The detector has been tested as an echo signal detector in laser tracking of space debris at the satellite laser station in Graz, Austria. Its application in lunar laser ranging is under consideration by several laser stations.     

A new approach to the telescope operation method for satellite tracking using a time synchronization technique

For the development of a telescope that is capable of precisely tracking satellites and high-speed operation such as satellite laser ranging, a special method of telescope operation is required. This study aims to propose a new telescope operation method and system configuration for the independent development of a mount and an operation system which includes the host computer. Considering that the tracking of a satellite is performed in real time, communication and synchronization between the two independent subsystems are important. Therefore, this study applied the concept of time synchronization, which is used in various fields of industry, to the communication between the command computer and the mount. In this case, communication delays do not need to be considered in general, and it is possible to cope with data loss. Above all, when the mount is replaced in the future, only the general communication interface needs to be modified, and thus, it is not limited by replacement in terms of the overall system management. The performance of the telescope operation method developed in this study was verified by applying the method to the first mobile SLR system in Korea. This study is significant in that it proposed a new operation method and system configuration, to which the concept of time synchronization was applied, for the observation system that requires an optical telescope.     

中国无地面控制点摄影测量卫星追述（二）--1∶1万传输型摄影测量卫星技术思考

以1∶1万传输型摄影测量卫星工程有效载荷配置为基础,分析了传输型测绘卫星中影响定位精度的误差源,提出了激光测距数据辅助两线阵卫星影像处理的若干思路,并进行了模拟仿真试验。试验结果表明：利用激光测距数据参与两线阵影像光束法平差,能有效改善航线模型系统变形,并保持较小的上下视差,可满足卫星影像无地面控制点条件下1∶1万高精度定位要求。     

天基激光告警设备的极低虚警率技术研究

造成天基激光告警设备虚警的外部因素包括空间电磁辐射和高能带电粒子辐射,内部因素是探测和放大电路的噪声。而通过合理的光学滤波设计、检测和放大电路设计、信号处理设计和各种抗辐照设计等措施,可实现天基激光告警设备的极低虚警率指标。     

热障涂层的激光表面改性参数优化和结构设计

热障涂层是航空发动机涡轮叶片关键核心技术之一,但在服役条件下常受环境沉积物、熔盐等的腐蚀而过早失效。激光表面改性是一种提高涂层抗腐蚀性能的有效办法,但改性涂层的激光工艺优化和结构设计亟待研究。本文采用脉冲Nd：YAG激光系统对Y₂O₃部分稳定ZrO₂（YSZ）热障涂层进行表面改性,研究了激光功率、扫描速度以及光束长度对改性层厚度、微观结构的影响。结果表明,激光改性层呈致密的柱状晶结构,并有纵向裂纹贯穿其中。改性层的厚度与激光功率成正比,受扫描速度影响不大,与光束长度成反比。激光功率过高,则改性层裂纹增加明显;光束长度过大,则改性层与下方涂层的界面缺陷增多,不利于界面结合。优化的激光改性参数为：激光的功率为75~80 W,扫描速度8 mm/s,光束长度为160 mm。设计了双层激光改性层,每层中的纵向裂纹不连续,使得整个改性层中无贯穿的纵向裂纹,有助于抑制高温腐蚀熔体的内渗。     

空间太阳能电站聚光模式研究

空间太阳能电站是指能够在轨道上将太阳能通过工程技术手段有效采集、转化并传输到地面,再转化成为电能供地面使用的系统。聚光是空间太阳能收集的途径之一,多种SSPS方案采用了聚光方式。文章介绍了聚光式SSPS的研究现状,对现有SSPS方案中的不同聚光技术方案进行了综述分析,将空间太阳能电站聚光技术划分为3个层次,总结成4种模式,详细分析了每种模式的优点与技术难点,并对聚光式空间太阳能电站的发展提出建议。     

KM8不锈钢板式热沉激光焊接工艺研究

热沉是空间环境模拟器的重要组成部分之一,用于在真空热试验中产生冷黑环境。我国目前正在研制的KM8空间环境模拟器和KM7A空间环境模拟器的热沉均采用不锈钢板式结构,而不锈钢板式热沉的焊接加工工艺是亟需解决的技术问题。文章介绍了在KM8不锈钢板式热沉激光焊接工艺研究中,采用不同的工艺参数焊接了不同厚度的搭接组合板试件后,对这些试件进行了力学拉伸试验和焊缝分析与检测,并根据检测结果确定了不同厚度板材组合的最佳搭接焊接工艺参数。这些工艺参数在后续的生产实践得到了有效验证。     

激光无线能量传输在轨应用方法

根据分离模块航天器系统特点和任务需求,结合无线能量传输的技术能力和水平,开展激光无线能量传输在分离模块航天器系统中应用方法研究,设计了一种基于激光相控阵技术的多光束激光能量发射天线以及由其组成的激光无线能量系统方案,包括航天器编队、能量转换、激光发射等方式,对未来的激光能量传输的在轨应用具有参考价值。     

激光制导武器的对抗技术研究

激光制导是目前制导精度最高的导引技术之一,在分析其原理和特点的基础上,探讨对抗激光制导武器的方法和技术,包括激光侦查、高重频激光干扰、激光致盲等。     

空间碎片环境现状与主动移除技术

概述了空间碎片环境现状和对航天活动的影响,讨论了空间碎片主动移除对保持空间碎片环境稳定的必要性。空间碎片研究重心先从防护转向减缓,再转到主动移除,最终是清洁空间。评述了空间碎片主动移除技术现状,指出天基激光主动移除空间碎片技术具有很好的工程应用潜力。