砂轮形貌的激光功率谱特性及其检测

阐述了砂轮形貌的理论功率谱图象、实际功率谱图象及其功率谱特性，获得了砂轮形貌的特征参数与激光功率图象的对应关系。根据上述的理论分析，设计了激光功率谱法检测砂轮形貌的采样原理及检测装置。采用时，将砂轮一圈划分为２５６个等分点，每一点均进行功率谱型的采样；为检测方便，在对称的功率谱图象一侧采集８个点的光强，共获得由８个数据组成的２５６个离散功率谱型。通过对离散功率谱型的计算自理最后由检测装置打印出砂轮     

多序列激光阴影成像技术研究及应用

为获取超高速碰撞过程中弹丸的飞行姿态及碰撞所产生的碎片云特性,开展了多序列激光阴影成像技术研究。利用多光源空间分离、偏振分光、光束角放大和补偿滤光等技术解决了单色光带来的衍射和干涉噪声以及碰撞瞬间强烈的自发光干扰问题,并先后在碰撞靶上建立了2序列、4序列和8序列激光阴影成像系统。该系统可以获得最小间隔1μs、曝光时间10ns、像素1000万的多个不同时刻的超高速瞬态变化过程图像,并在超高速碰撞靶试验中得到应用,获得了2～7km/s 撞击速度时碎片云的多序列阴影图像,该序列图像清晰地描述了碎片云的轮廓发展变化过程。该技术以低成本的方式实现了超高速摄影机的功能,满足目前碰撞试验粒子的飞行姿态及碎片云显示需要,并可以应用于其它超高速瞬态过程测量及流场结构显示。     

反射激波作用下重气柱界面演化的PIV研究

在水平激波管中采用PIV方法研究了反射激波作用下SF6重气柱界面的发展演化。采用射流方法形成SF6无膜气柱界面,并以乙二醇作为示踪粒子。利用连续激光片光源结合高速摄影相机对流场进行显示,得到了反射激波作用下SF6气柱界面的发展过程。结果表明,入射激波的冲击会在界面上产生反向旋转的涡环结构,而反射激波的作用会在界面上产生与初始涡环旋转方向相反的次级涡环结构。此外,对反射激波作用后的流场图像进行PIV后处理,获得了流场连续的速度场和涡量场。获得的环量与已有的理论模型进行比较,取得了较好的一致性,也验证了本文实验方法的可行性。     

湖南光电高清动中通卫星车系统

本文对湖南广电高清动中通卫星车系统进行了介绍说明,对湖南广电高清动中通卫星车系统中的动中通天线伺服控制系统、卫星通信系统、视频系统、音频系统、通话系统、集中控制系统与车体改造系统分别进行了说明;介绍了湖南广电高清动中通卫星车系统所采用的卫星通信体制、卫星链路计算结果及卫星测试结果;最后,本文介绍了动中通卫星车系统在广电领域进行高清电视实时移动转播中的应用前景。     

Contribution of satellite laser ranging to combined gravity field models

In the framework of satellite-only gravity field modeling, satellite laser ranging (SLR) data is typically exploited to recover long-wavelength features. This contribution provides a detailed discussion of the SLR component of GOCO02S, the latest release of combined models within the GOCO series. Over a period of five years (January 2006 to December 2010), observations to LAGEOS-1, LAGEOS-2, Ajisai, Stella, and Starlette were analyzed. We conducted a series of closed-loop simulations and found that estimating monthly sets of spherical harmonic coefficients beyond degree five leads to exceedingly ill-posed normal equation systems. Therefore, we adopted degree five as the spectral resolution for real data analysis. We compared our monthly coefficient estimates of degree two with SLR and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) time series provided by the Center for Space Research (CSR) at Austin, Texas. Significant deviations in C₂₀ were noted between SLR and GRACE; the agreement is better for the non-zonal coefficients. Fitting sinusoids together with a linear trend to our C₂₀ time series yielded a rate of (−1.75 ± 0.6) × 10⁻¹¹/yr; this drift is equivalent to a geoid change from pole to equator of 0.35 ± 0.12 mm/yr or an apparent Greenland mass loss of 178.5 ± 61.2 km³/yr. The mean of all monthly solutions, averaged over the five-year period, served as input for the satellite-only model GOCO02S. The contribution of SLR to the combined gravity field model is highest for C₂₀, and hence is essential for the determination of the Earth’s oblateness.     

An aerospace bracket designed by thermo-elastic topology optimization and manufactured by additive manufacturing

Combination of topology optimization and additive manufacturing technologies provides an effective approach for the development of light-weight and high-performance structures. A heavy-loaded aerospace bracket is designed by topology optimization and manufactured by additive manufacturing technology in this work. Considering both mechanical forces and temperature loads, a formulation of thermo-elastic topology optimization is firstly proposed and the sensitivity analysis is derived in detail. Then the procedure of numerical optimization design is presented and the final design is additively manufactured using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The mass of the aerospace bracket is reduced by over 18%, benefiting from topology and size optimization, and the three constraints are satisfied as well in the final design. This work indicates that the integration of thermo-elastic topology optimization and additive manufacturing technologies can be a rather powerful tool kit for the design of structures under thermal-mechanical loading.     

Tumbling object deorbiting using spaceborne laser engagement – A CubeSat case study

This paper demonstrates active space debris removal using spaceborne laser systems. The laser beam and the surface of the target are discretised into multiple rays and finite elements, respectively, for laser-target interaction modelling, in which the laser ablation process is investigated. A high-fidelity attitude/orbit propagator tool is developed to account for both the linear impulse and angular impulse induced by the laser engagement and other perturbations. The laser system is activated only when three switch criteria are satisfied. In numerical simulations, laser pulses from international space station are generated to deorbit a 3U CubeSat with initially tumbling modes. The results validate the effectiveness of deorbiting tumbling CubeSats using spaceborne laser engagement, with the perigee height lowered by approximately $2.4\mathrm{km}$ in around $30\min$ after $2\mathrm{h}$ propagation. It is also found that the laser engagement becomes more effective for an initially faster rotating object.     

Simulation of long-term rotational dynamics of large space debris: A TOPEX/Poseidon case study

Accurate knowledge of the rotational dynamics of a large space debris is crucial for space situational awareness (SSA), whether it be for accurate orbital predictions needed for satellite conjunction analyses or for the success of an eventual active debris removal mission charged with stabilization, capture and removal of debris from orbit. In this light, the attitude dynamics of an inoperative satellite of great interest to the space debris community, the joint French and American spacecraft TOPEX/Poseidon, is explored. A comparison of simulation results with observations obtained from high-frequency satellite range measurements is made, showing that the spacecraft is currently spinning about its minor principal axis in a stable manner. Predictions of the evolution of its attitude motion to 2030 are presented, emphasizing the uncertainty on those estimates due to internal energy dissipation, which could cause a change of its spin state in the future. The effect of solar radiation pressure and the eddy-current torque are investigated in detail, and insights into some of the satellite’s missing properties are provided. These results are obtained using a novel, open-source, coupled orbit-attitude propagation software, the Debris SPin/Orbit Simulation Environment (D-SPOSE), whose primary goal is the study of the long-term evolution of the attitude dynamics of large space debris.     

PIV,LDV在螺旋桨尾流测试中的比对应用

为验证粒子图像测速仪（PIV）技术在螺旋桨尾流场测试应用中的精度,在空泡水筒中,针对同一螺旋桨,在同一工况,同一时段,对螺旋桨尾流场开展了PIV和激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）比对测试研究.试验结果表明:两种测试技术在流场宏观量显示上得到了比较一致的结果,PIV技术同样可以捕捉到沿周向仅有8°的速度突跳,只是突跳值较LDV测试值小.PIV数据均值与LDV有2%～3%的偏差,进一步分析表明:提高PIV测试系统的定位精度可以缩小这种偏差.      

Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.