粉体特性对铜基金属粉末选区激光烧结的影响

 设计制备了多组分铜基金属粉末（组分包括Cu,Cu-10Sn,Cu-8.4P）,并基于液相烧结机制实现了粉体激光烧结成形。研究了粉体特性（粉末粒度、颗粒形貌、化学成分、组分比例、及混粉均匀性）对烧结致密度及显微组织的影响。结果表明,粗细粉末共混,并使其具有较宽粒度分布;使用球形或近球形细粉,均能提高粉末松装密度及烧结致密度。元素P能充当脱氧剂而改善润湿性;但若CuP含量多于15％质量分数,会因生成过多磷渣而降低烧结性。提高粘结金属CuSn比例能使烧结致密度得以改善;但若其含量超过30％质量分数,则会导致“球化”效应。提高混粉均匀性,有利于改善烧结致密度和组织均匀性。     

扩展卡尔曼滤波对时变参数追踪性能的影响研究

扩展卡尔曼滤波（Extended Kalman filter,EKF）理论由线性卡尔曼滤波理论发展而来。在结构的物理参数未知的情况下,扩展卡尔曼滤波理论将结构的物理参数与其状态向量组成增广状态向量,对增广状态向量进行识别,从而得到修正的结构参数。本文引入扩展卡尔曼滤波理论,对结构参数进行识别。为了验证该方法的有效性,引入1个时变参数三自由度系统作为仿真算例,分别探讨扩展卡尔曼滤波中的各项滤波参数（模型噪声的协方差矩阵Q,测量噪声的协方差矩阵R）对结构的时变参数追踪性能的影响。结果表明,合适的滤波参数能使得算法更迅速,准确地识别出结构中的时变参数变化趋势。还通过一个悬臂梁仿真算例,证明了即使在部分测点没有测量的情况下,EKF算法也能识别出结构参数。     

激光跟踪仪在飞机雷达天线面板安装精度测量中的应用

简述了激光跟踪仪的基本组成及测量原理,结合总装生产特点,介绍了利用激光跟踪仪测量飞机雷达天线面板底座的基本方法,并对测量误差进行了精度分析     

Imaging of the Space-time Structure of a Vortex Generator in Supersonic Flow

The fine space-time structure of a vortex generator (VG) in supersonic flow is studied with the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) method in a quiet supersonic wind tunnel. The fine coherent structure at the symmetrical plane of the flow field around the VG is imaged with NPLS. The spatial structure and temporal evolution characteristics of the vortical structure are analyzed, which demonstrate periodic evolution and similar geometry, and the characteristics of rapid movement and slow change. Because the NPLS system yields the flow images at high temporal and spatial resolutions, from these images the position of a large scale structure can be extracted precisely. The position and velocity of the large scale structures can be evaluated with edge detection and correlation algorithms. The shocklet structures induced by vortices are imaged, from which the generation and development of shocklets are discussed in this paper.     

机器人辅助飞机装配制孔中位姿精度补偿技术

在飞机自动化装配中,机器人制孔技术由于其高度柔性和相对低成本而倍受关注.然而,机器人本身的动、静态误差及制孔过程大量坐标系标定和坐标转换会引起难以补偿的残留误差,为提高机器人制孔的位置和姿态精度,构建一种基于激光跟踪仪闭环反馈的机器人辅助飞机装配制孔系统.本文首先论述应用激光跟踪仪建立系统中关键坐标系的方法,并分析了机...     

运用激光全息术和PDPA测量喷射燃料粒子场

为了获得发动机燃料喷射雾化特性,运用PDPA和激光全息术对喷嘴的燃料雾化粒子场进行测量。简要介绍了两种测量方法的原理和应用条件,对两种方法的测量结果进行了对比,验证了激光全息术测量结果的精度。最后在风洞实验条件下进行了喷射燃料粒子场测量。     

横流中多孔射流的稀释特性实验研究

横向流动条件下多孔射流是污水排放中的一种常见流动,对其稀释特性研究对于污水排放工程设计具有重要的指导意义。利用激光诱导荧光技术（Laser Induced Florescence）对横向流动条件下1、2和4孔射流的浓度场进行了测量。实验表明：多孔射流可分为未合并区、过渡区和已合并区;在未合并区内,多孔射流中的第一个射流浓度轨迹线和稀释度变化与单个射流情况相近,在射流近区和远区,无量纲浓度轨迹线与下游距离分别呈1/2和1/3指数关系;后面射流的浓度轨迹线和稀释度变化相近,受第一个射流的遮挡和卷吸作用,其弯曲度和稀释度变化小于第一个射流,说明作用于后面射流的横向流速小于第一个射流。     

激光冲击叶片榫头变形控制与疲劳试验

针对某航空发动机涡轮叶片榫头部位疲劳断裂故障,利用激光诱导高压冲击波对榫头部位进行冲击强化,提高其抗疲劳性能。在试验测试激光冲击GH4133B镍基高温合金材料残余应力场的基础上,确定了叶片材料激光冲击工艺参数;根据榫齿面转接R区结构特征,设计了不等强度分布冲击方式,保证强化区域残余应力均匀、过渡分布,防止出现应力突变。由于榫头结构不均匀,高压冲击波引起的塑性流动使叶片发生宏观变形,采用数值仿真方法分析了激光冲击后叶片榫头宏观变形规律和机理。在此基础上提出了激光冲击叶片榫头变形控制的方法,并设计了榫头结合面冲击区域和方式,保证叶片榫头两侧对应区域的激光能量输入基本相当,通过结合面的塑性流动来减小叶片榫头宏观变形。冲击处理后的叶片榫头表面粗糙度、滚棒尺寸和平面度等均满足技术要求。并分析了激光冲击强化提高叶片高温疲劳寿命的原因。疲劳试验结果表明：激光冲击强化可提高叶片榫头部位的高温高低周复合疲劳寿命提高了279%。     

Microstructures and fatigue properties of electron beam welds with beam oscillation for heavy section TC4-DT alloy

With the development of the manufacturing technology, electron beam welding（EBW） is capable of producing titanium alloy large parts in aero fields. To increase the applications and improve the properties, EBW with beam oscillation was investigated on TC4-DT alloy with50 mm thickness. We detected the welding samples by X-ray NDT, observed the microstructures of the welds, and tested the fatigue properties of the joints. The results showed that EBW with beam oscillation improved the weld morphology as well as welding quality, and the microstructure homogeneity of the welds and HAZ along the weld penetration were also improved. The fatigue properties of the joints with beam oscillation were more excellent than those of conventional EBW, even equal to those of the base metal under high stresses. The influences of the processing and the microstructure on the properties with beam oscillation were discussed.     

单站发射多站接收的空间目标激光测距技术

激光测距作为空间目标测定轨精度最高的技术,对非合作目标的测量精度比微波雷达、光电探测等技术高1～2个数量级,非常有利于非合作目标的精密定位、轨道复核及精确编目,保障在轨空间飞行器的安全。激光在非合作目标表面会发生漫反射,返回光斑弥散、回波微弱,采用大口径望远镜接收系统是必要的。鉴于大口径望远镜研制难度大,提出基于单站发射多站接收的空间目标激光测距新方法,即采用多接收望远镜增加接收面积,实现目标测量能力提升。通过分析单站发射多站接收的激光测距技术特点,基于双望远镜系统开展空间合作目标测量实验,验证了多望远镜接收激光信号的可行性,为该测距技术发展奠定了实验基础。