白天激光漫反射测距中微弱信号检测的单开门多触发方法

白天激光漫反射测距因存在强背景噪声,导致微弱回波信号的检测十分困难,严重限制了激光漫反射测距的广泛应用。因此,提出了采用单开门多触发方法解决白天激光漫反射测距的微弱信号检测难题。首先,介绍了一种GM-APD (Geiger-ModeAvalanchePhotoDiode,盖革模式雪崩光电二极管)多触发概率分布函数的快速求解方法。接着,取激光漫反射测距系统典型参数,理论分析了多触发情况下的回波信号检测概率,分析结果表明单开门多触发方法可提高激光漫反射测距在白天情况下的回波信号检测概率。同时,通过对触发次数限制的优选,可以增加有效检测比,减少白天观测条件下回波信号的提取代价。最终,通过系统仿真验证了理论分析结果的正确性。因此,单开门多触发方法是解决白天激光漫反射测距微弱信号检测的可行途径之一。     

基于机械抖动激光陀螺仪的动态误差分析

机抖激光陀螺仪是目前应用最为广泛的激光陀螺,是实现应用捷联惯导系统进行导航的理想惯性仪表,研究激光陀螺仪的误差因素,并通过软件进行补偿提高其精度,对提高捷联惯导系统的精度具有重要意义。相对于研究已经较为成熟的静态误差,对动态误差的研究仍较少。针对激光陀螺的动态误差,通过分析在动态环境中抖动机构的输出对二频机抖激光陀螺输出的影响,建立了动态误差模型,为激光陀螺动态误差的研究提供了理论储备,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

反台晶体及其应用

介绍了应用离子束刻蚀技术制作高基频反台晶体谐振器及反台晶体谐振器的应用。     

光学基片表面软质抛光胶体粒子的激光清洗

介绍了光学基片表面软质抛光胶体粒子激光清洗的基本方法、原理和实验装置,并通过对含有污染微粒的基片表面进行激光清洗,获得了高洁净表面的光学基片.     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

Selective laser melting of Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si alloy: Investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness

This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si(wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting(SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone(LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone(HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the a-Al matrix and nanoscale Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The a-Al and Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron h-Al_(13)Fe_4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes,formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.     

三维激光成像系统的点云模型真彩色处理方法

三维激光成像系统获得的点云数据精度高并且保有高精度的高程信息,然而特征信息不明显,没有保留全部的点和点的拓扑关系,无法直接判读地面物体;影像数据空间分辨率和精度低,并且缺少高程信息,然而其影像的特征连续,光谱信息丰富.因此,进行点云数据与影像数据融合方法的研究是目前三维激光成像系统研制的前沿性课题.针对点云数据与影像数据融合方法的研究,提出了一种三维激光成像系统点云模型真彩色处理的方法.实验结果显示,采用所提出的方法,不仅能够获得被扫描物体的位置信息和大小信息,而且能够得到被扫描物体的表面纹理细节信息.     

激光陀螺四位置寻北仪提高精度方法

为消除激光陀螺零偏和常值漂移的影响,采用四位置方案来实现高精度寻北。本文简述了单轴激光陀螺四位置寻北方案,给出了陀螺敏感轴与机体系前向偏差角标定方法,研究了寻北仪在倾斜基座下数据补偿算法。本文研究了由于在四个位置上电机转动不到位所引起的误差补偿算法。通过对寻北仪系统测试,采用电机转动不到位补偿后数据标准差降低了0.02º,激光陀螺寻北仪系统达到了高精度快速寻北的要求。     

飞机下滑波束导引系统设计及仿真

下滑波束导引系统是飞机在自动着陆时所采用的一种重要无线电波束导引系统。首先,简要阐述了下滑波束导引系统的基本工作原理;然后,对导引系统的运动学环节及下滑耦合器进行分析,对飞机下滑波束导引系统结构进行设计;最后,在MATLAB平台下,对所设计的下滑波束导引系统进行大量仿真研究。仿真结果显示。所设计的下滑波束导引系统结构是合理的,其控制系统是稳定的,且其稳态性能也得到改善。     

Single track and single layer formation in selective laser melting of niobium solid solution alloy

Selective laser melting (SLM) was employed to fabricate Nb-37Ti-13Cr-2Al-1Si (at%) alloy, using pre-alloyed powders prepared by plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP). A series of single tracks and single layers under different processing parameters was manufactured to evaluate the processing feasibility by SLM, including laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. Results showed that continuous single tracks could be fabricated using proper laser powers and scanning velocities. Both the width of a single track and its penetration depth into a substrate increased with an increase of the linear laser beam energy density (LED), i.e., an increase of the laser power and a decrease of the scanning speed. Nb, Ti, Si, Cr, and Al elements distributed heterogeneously over the melt pool in the form of swirl-like patterns. An excess of the hatch distance was not able to interconnect neighboring tracks. Under improper processing parameters, a balling phenomenon occurred, but could be eliminated with an increased LED. This work testified the SLM-processing feasibility of Nb-based alloy and promoted the application of SLM to the manufacture of niobium-based alloys.