Review on anti-loosening methods for threaded fasteners

Threaded fasteners naturally tend to loosen under vibration, impact, or alternating thermal load. Various anti-loosening methods or strategies are widely applied for preventing loosening,including a few anti-loosening designs and anti-loosening structures. In this review, a variety of influencing factors that improved the anti-loosening ability and helped guide the anti-loosening designs of threaded fasteners are summarized. Second, the anti-loosening structures are classified into two categorie...     

航空发动机燃烧室的现状和发展

论述了燃烧室设计中各项技术指标的相互制约,分析了第3、4代发动机燃烧室的技术特点和燃烧室设计及研究方法的新进展.较详细介绍了驻涡（TVC）、富燃-快掺混-贫燃（RQL）、双环腔预混旋流（TAPS）、多喷嘴单元体和陶瓷燃烧室,指出其适用性.主动燃烧控制中更为主要的是出口温度分布系数控制,长远研究应开发快速、灵敏、配置严格的油气管理系统.最后讨论了燃用液氢的可行性.建议应加快CCD与燃烧室目标设计相结合的研发过程.     

基于数值的弧齿锥齿轮齿面啮合点位置分析的拟赫兹法

在已知弧齿锥齿轮齿面网格的条件下,分析了单齿啮合时弧齿锥齿轮齿面弹性变形对轮齿啮合点位置的影响。为此,首先形成一整套刚性齿面啮合点的数值计算方法;然后,采用赫兹接触理论计算齿面弹性变形,确定齿轮轮齿的微小转动及由此引起的啮合点位置的变动。将齿轮因齿面变形而产生微小转角,继而进行齿面啮合分析的过程定义为拟赫兹接触分析。结果表明,齿面弹性变形引起的齿轮轮齿的微小转动对啮合点的最终位置有一定的影响。      

展开式月球基地热防护结构方案研究

建设月球基地是人类探测、开发和殖民外太空的第一步,也是最重要的一步。设计了一种新型的展开式月球基地方案,由空间可展开桁架结构与柔性热防护层合薄膜组成。设计了可展开桁架结构的9组拓扑方案和层合薄膜的7组设计方案,进行结构设计方案和强度、刚度与稳态热分析,确定最优的设计方案。针对展开式月球基地的最优设计方案,分析了整体结构性能,包括静力分析、模态分析及3种工况下的稳态热分析。分析结果表明:所设计的最优方案具有较好的结构力学性能和热防护性能,为月球基地的方案选型、结构设计与热防护系统设计提供了技术支持。     

不同增长机制下航空网络自愈特性

结合复杂网络理论,从能量的角度分析了航空网络的功能自愈机理,并研究了航空网络在不同增长机制下的自愈特性。首先,将网络结构划分为自愈结构与耦合结构,并针对航空网络3种增长机制进行了分析和抽象建模;然后,从网络全局角度出发研究了美国航空网络在遭受蓄意攻击造成全网功能瘫痪的情况下,网络功能的恢复鲁棒性和网络增长对网络自愈能力的影响。研究表明,美国航空网络具有较好的恢复鲁棒性,接近80%的机场在受到能量冲击造成的短暂失效后具有功能自愈能力。航空网络不同的增长机制对网络的自愈能力有着不同的影响。结果证实,为完善航空网络而建立的机场群,由于其较大的连接需求,加大了网络区域密度,复杂了网络拓扑结构,降低了网络的自愈能力;而小型机场的增加不会影响网络整体的自愈能力。      

一种空间超大型可展开柔性聚光器

面向空间太阳能电站（SSPS）对大口径太阳能聚光器的应用需求,提出一种超大型、轻量化、高精度的空间可展开柔性聚光器的新构型。采取理论建模、计算仿真、优化设计相结合的方法对其抛物面构型原理、展开机构折展原理、展开态结构稳定性、动态聚焦精度等问题进行研究,并完成大口径可展开柔性聚光器的设计。提出了基于多层弹性花瓣镜体复合结构的大口径柔性聚光器优化创新设计方法。由于采用薄板柔索结构,本聚光器具有精度高、展收体积比大、质量轻、在线控制简单等优点,为空间太阳能电站千米级聚光器提供一种创新设计方法。     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.     

Design of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears with reduced maximum tooth contact pressure and transmission errors

The aim of this study is to define optimal tooth modifications, introduced by appropriately chosen head-cutter geometry and machine tool setting, to simultaneously minimize tooth contact pressure and angular displacement error of the driven gear (transmission error) of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears. As a result of these modifications, the gear pair becomes mismatched, and a point contact replaces the theoretical line contact. In the applied loaded tooth contact analysis it is assumed that the point contact under load is spreading over a surface along the whole or part of the ’’potential’’ contact line. A computer program was developed to implement the formulation provided above. By using this program the influence of tooth modifications introduced by the variation in machine tool settings and in head cutter data on load and pressure distributions, transmission errors, and fillet stresses is investigated and discussed. The correlation between the ease-off obtained by pinion tooth modifications and the corresponding tooth contact pressure distribution is investigated and the obtained results are presented.