Far-field sonic boom prediction considering atmospheric turbulence effects: An improved approach

Accurate prediction of sonic boom is one of key challenges for the design of a low-boom supersonic aircraft. For most of available far-field prediction methods, the effect of atmospheric turbulence appearing in the planetary boundary layer cannot be considered, which results in remarkable inaccuracy of predicting ground-level sonic boom waveform. Although some efforts have been made to overcome the shortcoming, the turbulence effects are not yet well described so far. This article proposes an improved method by extending the two-dimensional Heterogeneous One-Way Approximation for the Resolution of Diffraction (HOWARD) equation to account for the axial and transverse convections of wind fluctuation as well as the effect of temperature fluctuation. The proposed method is validated by comparing the predictions with the flight-test data of JAXA D-SEND#1 LBM, which shows that the result of the proposed method is in better agreement with the flight-test data than that of the method without considering atmospheric turbulence effects. Then, distortion mechanism of sonic boom waveforms caused by atmospheric turbulence is analyzed by using the proposed method. It is indicated that the effect of turbulent convection makes uniform sonic-boom wavefronts irregular, which creates the condition of diffraction effect to perturb waveforms. Finally, the proposed method is applied to investigate the behavior of two types of waveforms given by the sonic boom minimization theory. Results show that a far-field waveform with a weaker initial shock is more beneficial for low-boom design of a supersonic aircraft.     

基于视惯融合的大型空间碎片质心位置辨识

大型自由翻滚碎片的质心是在轨操作基坐标系下的不动点，也是碎片连体基下动力学参数向卫星坐标系转换的基准，对其精确识别是提高碎片动力学参数辨识精度的关键。提出基于惯性单元测量数据与双目视觉定位数据融合的大型空间碎片质心位置识别方法。基于无力矩欧拉方程，获取附着到空间碎片表面的惯性单元间转换关系，利用该转换关系对惯性单元冗余测量数据优化，再优化求解惯性单元到质心点距离；利用双目视觉获取惯性单元上标记点动态坐标，再利用惯性单元到质心点距离，基于三点定位原理识别大型空间碎片的质心位置。以加入高斯白噪声的惯性单元与双目视觉测量数据进行仿真，结果表明优化解算后惯性单元实时测量数据的误差降低到1%以下，解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.47mm；开展了地面试验，结果表明，解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.49mm。仿真和试验证明，该方法能够为大型空间碎片的消旋、捕获任务提供准确的数据基准。     

军用运输机运力评估模型及影响因素研究

军用运输机在完成战略投送和战术运输任务中起着至关重要的作用。本文在借鉴国外运输机运力分析方法的基础上,提出了一种包括单机单航次和多机多航次最大运力的计算模型,并对国外几种典型的军用运输机进行计算分析。然后分析了影响运力的主要因素,包括:载重、航程、出动架次率、使用可用度、任务成功概率、机场条件限制和环境适应能力等。研究结论表明:此运力模型和因素分析正确,可为我国军用运输机的运力评估工作提供依据。     

电大尺寸平面数字相控阵外场通道校准测试方法

电大尺寸平面数字相控阵通道校准测试对暗室规模和质量要求极高，扫描架探针移动速度受限导致通道校准的暗室测试时间长达数小时，且长时间测试引起的温度变化会造成通道相位漂移从而导致测试结果不准确。针对存在的问题，提出了一种外场通道校准测试方法，整个阵面中所有通道单次校准测试仅需几分钟，可有效解决由于长时间测试引起的温度变化进而造成的通道相位漂移问题，并通过引入基准通道来解决外场通道校准测试中存在的收发不同源问题。测试方法可有效缩短电大尺寸平面数字相控阵的通道校准时间，提高测试准确性，降低天线测试过程中的时间成本和暗室硬件建造成本。最后，通过某Ka频段电大尺寸平面数字相控阵测控系统的外场测试，验证了方法的可行性和正确性。     

大型舰船受潜艇鱼雷攻击威胁扇面分析

根据潜艇鱼雷攻击海上活动目标的特点，在建立潜艇鱼雷攻击阵位计算模型的基础上，结合潜艇鱼雷性能，计算给出了航渡过程中大型舰船受潜艇鱼雷攻击的威胁扇面，为航渡过程中编队指挥员如何优化近程反潜兵力的配置提供了依据。