大型运输机飞机信息规划问题探讨

论述了飞机信息规划工作在大型运输机论证和设计中的重要性,分析了大型运输机在飞行作业质量保证、飞机维修保障及飞行事故调查等方面对飞机信息的使用需求,并简要论述了大型运输机飞机信息规划的主要内容。最后特别强调了在大型运输机的飞机信息规划工作中,应组成由使用方为主导、各方联合参加的飞机信息工作组。     

大行程纳米级分辨率超精密工作台的发展方向

讨论了大行程纳米级分辨率超精密工作台设计中的关键技术,介绍了目前国内外典型的大行程超精密工作台所采用的设计方案、材料、导轨、驱动方式、测量反馈及控制系统。分析比较后得出:利用石英陶瓷材料、气浮导轨、直线电机非接触驱动、纳米光栅尺测量反馈和开放式数控系统等技术来组建大行程纳米级分辨率超精密工作台是比较理想的方案。     

NAIWR－1智能两足步行机器人模糊自适应控制研究

本文对模糊控制、自适应控制和ＰＩＤ控制进行了综合研究，实现了自行研制的ＮＡＩＷＲ－１智能两足步行机器人的模糊自适应ＰＩＤ控制，并用模糊递阶协调方法进行关节到位协调送数，成功实现了两足步行机器人的稳定行走     

一个大挠度柱面弯曲板条的求解

本文应用付宝连的大挠度弯曲直梁的功的互等定理,求解一个柱面弯曲板条的挠曲面方程.     

大涡模拟中亚格子模型的改进及其在槽道湍流中的应用

在用大涡模拟的方法计算具有强剪切的槽道湍流时, 常用的亚格子应力模型, 包括考虑壁面修正的模型, 都会出现平均流剖面偏高的现象.这表明在壁面附近亚格子应力模型还不能描述实际情况.针对这一问题, 修正了亚格子雷诺应力模型的壁面函数, 得到了较好的计算结果.用修正后的模型计算出的平均速度分布、均方根速度的分布以及雷诺应力的分布, 均与直接数值模拟(DNS)的结果吻合较好.      

Blockage effect on the flow around a cylinder probe in calibration

Flow around a 2-D cylinder pressure probe placed in uniform flow,free jet flow,and wind tunnel flow was analyzed with potential flow theory and simulated with numerical method.Blockage effect was investigated under several typical flow Mach numbers.The result from numerical simulation shows a similar trend to the one from potential flow method while varies in quantity.Wind tunnel walls accelerate the flow near the probe and thus produce a blockage effect;Boundary of free jet flow,however,decelerates the flow and thus produces a "negative" blockage effect.A maximum incoming Mach number exists when the probe is calibrated in wind tunnel in high subsonic condition due to choking caused by shocks and shock induced separation.The critical Mach number varies with blockage ratio,which makes high Mach number impossible to achieve in large blockage ratio condition.The blockage effect itself is unavoidable for calibration or measurement although a sufficiently small blockage ratio brings minor effect.Correction can be implemented based on the numerical simulation result presented in this paper and further works.      

电磁波在电离层中的传输建模分析

电磁波从宇宙空间对地传输过程中,不可避免需要穿过地球电离层,并受到电离层折射、反射、穿透等影响。为研究电离层中电磁波的传播路径,利用IRI2016电离层模型和NRLMSISE-00模型的数据,基于射线追踪算法,综合利用龙格-库塔法,并采用变步长实现了电磁波在电离层多层空间复杂等离子体中的传输计算。同时,还研究了不同频率和纬度的电磁波在电离层的传播途径。研究表明较高频率的电磁波受到电离层的干扰较少,在100MHz时,电磁传播的偏移角度仅为0.795度;电离层的非均匀层状结构决定了电磁波在其中的传输存在多模现象,并受到了光照的影响,在日间和中纬均受电离层的强烈干扰,偏移角度均大于2.2度,较夜间和低、高纬地区的传输偏移更大。     

支撑机翼跨声速民机的多学科优化设计

弗吉尼亚理工大学(VPI)的多学科分析与设计(MAD)中心采用多学科优化设计(MOD)对一种支撑机翼(SBW)外形的跨声速民机做了较为系统和广泛的概念设计研究。本文介绍了对各学科做近似计算的方法和工具,并将它们集成形成了一种完整的概念设计层次的MOD方法。该方法能实现空气动力和结构/重量的紧密耦合,完成两者间的平衡设计并取得最佳协调。作为工业界伙伴的LMAS对该软件注入了更多实践经验,并评估与验证了该软件。对于能装载325位旅客,巡航飞行Ma=0.85下飞行航程13 890 km的典型飞行剖面,大量优化计算结果表明SBW飞机可比常规飞机起飞总重量(TOGW)轻9.2%～17.4%,燃油消耗少16.2%～19.3%,发动机体积减小21.5%～31.6%,成本降低3.8%～7.2%。同时进行了技术水平和优化约束条件的灵敏度分析研究。所有结果清楚地表明SBW外形是可明显提高飞行性能的未来跨声速民机的一种新型外形。     

Isothermal study of effusion cooling flows using a large eddy simulation approach

An isothermal numerical study of effusion cooling flow is conducted using a large eddy simulation(LES) approach.Two main types of cooling are considered,namely tangential film cooling and oblique patch effusion cooling.To represent tangential film cooling,a simplified model of a plane turbulent wall jet along a flat plate in quiescent surrounding fluid is considered.In contrast to a classic turbulent boundary layer flow,the plane turbulent wall jet possesses an outer free shear flow region,an inner near wall region and an interaction region,characterised by substantial levels of turbulent shear stress transport.These shear stress characteristics hold significant implications for RANS modelling,implications that also apply to more complex tangential film cooling flows with non-zero free stream velocities.The LES technique used in the current study provides a satisfactory overall prediction of the plane turbulent wall jet flow,including the initial transition region,and the characteristic separation of the zero turbulent shear stress and zero shear strain locations.Oblique effusion patch cooling is modelled using a staggered array of 12 rows of effusion holes,drilled at 30° to the flat plate surface.The effusion holes connect two channels separated by the flat plate.Specifically,these comprise of a channel representing the combustion chamber flow and a cooling air supply channel.A difference in pressure between the two channels forces air from the cooling supply side,through the effusion holes,and into the combustion chamber side.Air from successive effusion rows coalesces to form an aerodynamic film between the combustion chamber main flow and the flat plate.In practical applications,this film is used to separate the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber liner.The numerical model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the injection,penetration,downstream decay,and coalescence of the effusion jets.In addition,the numerical model captures entrainment of the combustion chamber mainstream flow towards the wall by the presence of the effusion jets.Two contra-rotating vortices,with axes of rotation along the stream-wise direction,are predicted as a result of this entrainment.The presence and characteristics of these vortices are in good agreement with previous published research.      

Experimental Study of Bowed-twisted Stators in an Axial Transonic Fan Stage

Bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles have been developed to replace the conventional tandem stators in an axial transonic fan stage working at high subsonic speeds. Experimental study is carried out on both stages with tandem stators and with bowed-twisted stators. Compared to the tandem stators, the bowed-twisted stators change the distribution of the low-energy fluid and the potential high-energy fluid at the compressor outlets, reduce the endwall loss significantly, improve the aerodynamic matching of rotors and stators, and eventually increase the fan stage performances. The aerodynamic performances of the fan stage at different operating points are compared and contrasted. The results show that the transonic fan stage with bowed-twisted stators has better aerodynamic performances. It is thus suggested that the bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles be popularized into the high-loaded transonic fan designs.