平直槽道内湍流运动的大涡模拟

为在中型机上实现对湍流运动的大涡模拟,采用Moin的基本模型,在数值计算中采用了诸如高斯滤波函数、速度压力交错网格、谱方法以及一种简单的压力计算的修正等方法和技巧,计算结果与Moin结果比较,表明在我国现有条件下也有可能进行大涡模拟方面的工作。     

电离层峰下结构的数值模拟

在考虑由扩散与中性风引起的动力学输运与有原子离子Ｏ＾＋（＾４Ｓ），Ｏ＾＋（＾２Ｄ）与Ｏ＾＋（＾２Ｐ）以及分子离子Ｏ２＾＋，ＮＯ＾＋，Ｎ２＾＋参加光化学反应的电离层－热层体系中，提出一个一维时变的电离层剖面数值模型，通过数值计算着重讨论了武昌地区Ｆ２层峰以下，尤其是Ｅ／Ｆ与Ｆ１／Ｆ２谷区的电离层形态与有关过程，得到如下结论：（１）对于原子离子，单一成分Ｏ＾＋（＾４Ｓ）的光化学反应与输运，也有助于形成     

格尼襟翼对某运输机翼型的增升试验研究

利用新技术、新措施、新方法进行增升研究是飞行器布局研究的重要课题之一。作者结合某型运输机在改型中需要进行增升的工程应用背景,通过二元翼型的测力、测压及流动显示试验研究,详细研究了格尼襟翼的增升机理和对该运输机翼型的增升效果。研究结果表明,对该运输机,格尼襟翼的最佳高度为当地弦长的2%,升阻比最大可增加13%左右,因此可以满足该运输机改型的需要。同时,格尼襟翼的增升方式具有较好的推广应用价值。     

大飞机支撑研究评述及先进的支撑系统──大飞机全模试验技术及支撑干扰研究之一

在归纳、分析国内外近３０年大飞机全模试验技术研究的基础上，提出了选择支撑的原则，扣除支撑干扰的关键。建立了一套完整的试验技术、支撑干扰修正方法。该支撑系统新颖独特，能广泛用于不同布局的大飞机纵、横向试验，支撑干扰小并可以有效扣除，可连续改变攻角，运转灵活、装拆方便，支撑强度、刚度良好，安全可靠。可推广应用于单独角支撑不适宜的场合；也可应用于其它高速风洞中。     

气体状态方程对正十二烷射流燃烧的影响

选取正十二烷作为航空煤油的替代燃料,应用大涡数值模拟方法和详细化学反应动力学相结合的方法对该燃料在超临界环境下的射流燃烧进行计算,研究其射流、燃烧及排放特性。重点考察了气体状态方程对射流形态、贯穿距、温度、混合分数等的影响。结果表明:理想气体和真实气体状态方程对仿真得到的射流贯穿距和宏观形态影响不大,而真实气体状态方程可以更好地反映在超临界环境下的液体燃料射流内部特征,如混合分数、温度;燃烧方面,仿真的点火延迟与实验存在10%的误差,火焰浮起长度、火焰形态、碳烟等均得到很好的预测,NOx与OH分布与温度场具有高度一致性。     

A three-dimensional modelling study of the processes leading to mid latitude nitric oxide increases in the lower thermosphere following periods of high geomagnetic activity

The processes leading to enhancements in mid latitude nitric oxide (NO) densities following geomagnetic storms have been investigated using the University College London (UCL) Coupled Middle Atmosphere and Thermosphere (CMAT) general circulation model. A comparison of calculated storm time and quiet time NO densities at 110 km altitude reveals the presence of aurorally produced NO at both high and mid latitudes for several days after subsidence of activity. At 150 km, the NO enhancements are shorter lived and remain for up to approximately 2 days after the storm. By separating the contribution of chemical production and loss, horizontal and vertical advection, and molecular and eddy diffusion in the calculation of NO densities, we show that at 150 km altitude, horizontal transport must be taken into consideration if post-storm mid latitude enhancements are to be reproduced. Chemical production of NO at high latitudes continues for up to 2 days after subsidence of a storm at altitudes of around 150 km. We show that equatorward winds at this altitude are sufficiently strong to transport the aurorally produced NO to mid latitudes. Vertical diffusion transports NO from altitudes of 150 km and above, to lower altitudes where it is longer lived. At 110 km altitude, chemical, diffusive and advective terms must all be included in the calculation of NO density in order to simulate realistic mid latitude enhancements. We propose that it is the combined effects of increased chemical production, downward diffusion from altitudes of 150 km and above, and transport by winds that lead to increases in mid latitude NO density at altitudes of around 110 km. This is the first detailed study of the causes of post-storm mid latitude NO enhancements to use a three-dimensional general circulation model.     

支撑机翼跨声速民机的多学科优化设计

弗吉尼亚理工大学(VPI)的多学科分析与设计(MAD)中心采用多学科优化设计(MOD)对一种支撑机翼(SBW)外形的跨声速民机做了较为系统和广泛的概念设计研究。本文介绍了对各学科做近似计算的方法和工具,并将它们集成形成了一种完整的概念设计层次的MOD方法。该方法能实现空气动力和结构/重量的紧密耦合,完成两者间的平衡设计并取得最佳协调。作为工业界伙伴的LMAS对该软件注入了更多实践经验,并评估与验证了该软件。对于能装载325位旅客,巡航飞行Ma=0.85下飞行航程13 890 km的典型飞行剖面,大量优化计算结果表明SBW飞机可比常规飞机起飞总重量(TOGW)轻9.2%～17.4%,燃油消耗少16.2%～19.3%,发动机体积减小21.5%～31.6%,成本降低3.8%～7.2%。同时进行了技术水平和优化约束条件的灵敏度分析研究。所有结果清楚地表明SBW外形是可明显提高飞行性能的未来跨声速民机的一种新型外形。     

Experimental Study of Bowed-twisted Stators in an Axial Transonic Fan Stage

Bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles have been developed to replace the conventional tandem stators in an axial transonic fan stage working at high subsonic speeds. Experimental study is carried out on both stages with tandem stators and with bowed-twisted stators. Compared to the tandem stators, the bowed-twisted stators change the distribution of the low-energy fluid and the potential high-energy fluid at the compressor outlets, reduce the endwall loss significantly, improve the aerodynamic matching of rotors and stators, and eventually increase the fan stage performances. The aerodynamic performances of the fan stage at different operating points are compared and contrasted. The results show that the transonic fan stage with bowed-twisted stators has better aerodynamic performances. It is thus suggested that the bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles be popularized into the high-loaded transonic fan designs.     

Isothermal study of effusion cooling flows using a large eddy simulation approach

An isothermal numerical study of effusion cooling flow is conducted using a large eddy simulation(LES) approach.Two main types of cooling are considered,namely tangential film cooling and oblique patch effusion cooling.To represent tangential film cooling,a simplified model of a plane turbulent wall jet along a flat plate in quiescent surrounding fluid is considered.In contrast to a classic turbulent boundary layer flow,the plane turbulent wall jet possesses an outer free shear flow region,an inner near wall region and an interaction region,characterised by substantial levels of turbulent shear stress transport.These shear stress characteristics hold significant implications for RANS modelling,implications that also apply to more complex tangential film cooling flows with non-zero free stream velocities.The LES technique used in the current study provides a satisfactory overall prediction of the plane turbulent wall jet flow,including the initial transition region,and the characteristic separation of the zero turbulent shear stress and zero shear strain locations.Oblique effusion patch cooling is modelled using a staggered array of 12 rows of effusion holes,drilled at 30° to the flat plate surface.The effusion holes connect two channels separated by the flat plate.Specifically,these comprise of a channel representing the combustion chamber flow and a cooling air supply channel.A difference in pressure between the two channels forces air from the cooling supply side,through the effusion holes,and into the combustion chamber side.Air from successive effusion rows coalesces to form an aerodynamic film between the combustion chamber main flow and the flat plate.In practical applications,this film is used to separate the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber liner.The numerical model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the injection,penetration,downstream decay,and coalescence of the effusion jets.In addition,the numerical model captures entrainment of the combustion chamber mainstream flow towards the wall by the presence of the effusion jets.Two contra-rotating vortices,with axes of rotation along the stream-wise direction,are predicted as a result of this entrainment.The presence and characteristics of these vortices are in good agreement with previous published research.      

前缘高频振动对亚声速开式空腔内强噪声影响的数值研究

空腔流动现象广泛存在于各类航空飞行器中,对其包含的多种复杂物理现象的研究具有十分重要的工程及实际意义。采用大涡模拟方法对开式空腔噪声进行数值仿真,并研究了腔体前缘壁面施加高频振动后对腔体内部纯音噪声及模态的影响。研究发现随着壁面振动频率的提高,腔体内部的纯音噪声峰值逐渐降低,当腔体前缘壁面振动频率达到4000 Hz时,腔体内部1阶与2阶模态的纯音噪声峰值分别降低15 dB和17 dB。因此在腔体前缘壁面施加高频振动能显著地降低腔体内部的纯音噪声,为扩展开式空腔的工程应用奠定了良好的理论基础。