三维编织碳/酚醛复合材料高温热响应的数值计算

为了准确掌握高温条件下防热复合材料的热响应行为,对基体和纤维束分开建模,利用能量和质量守恒方程,并考虑热解过程中酚醛基体密度和材料热属性的变化,计算高温条件下三维编织碳/酚醛复合材料的热响应行为,预测复合材料温度场和热解度的分布规律,并给出质量损失率、炭层生成位置以及厚度的变化情况。结果表明:加热过程中,三维编织碳/酚醛复合材料的温度分布极不均匀,在加热面上基体温度明显高于纤维束温度,而在材料内部竖向纤维束温度反而高于基体温度;加热开始时炭层没有立刻产生,而是需要一段时间的过渡,在此过渡时间内炭层平均厚度为0。     

一种民用高温固化环氧树脂基复合材料性能研究

研制一种新型高韧性高温环氧树脂ACTECH^■ 1316体系,研究其固化反应特性、流变性能及耐热性能,其中Tg可达222.5℃,可在130℃温度下长期使用。分别选用两种国产碳纤维CCF800H和ZT9H作为纤维增强体,通过热熔两步法制备预浸料,加工工艺性较好,显示出该树脂体系与两种纤维有较好的匹配性。采用热压罐工艺进行固化,对复合材料层合板的力学性能进行研究,通过与国外高温环氧树脂体系8552/IM7的性能对比发现,ACTECH^■ 1316/ZT9H和ACTECH^■ 1316/CCF800H在0°拉伸强度及模量、0°压缩强度及模量和冲击后压缩强度等方面表现较好,基本满足民机领域对树脂及复合材料性能的要求。     

Effects of in-situ TiB2 particles on machinability and surface integrity in milling of TiB2/2024 and TiB2/7075 Al composites

In-situ ceramics particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are favored in the aerospace industry due to excellent properties. However, the hard ceramic particles as the reinforcement phase bring challenges to machining. To study the effect of in-situ TiB₂ particles on machinability and surface integrity of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite, milling experiments were performed, and compared with conventional 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys. In-situ TiB₂ particles clustered at the grain boundaries and dispersed inside the matrix alloy grains hinder the dislocation movement of the matrix alloy. Therefore, the milling force and temperature of the composites are higher than those of the aluminum alloys due to the increase of the strength and the decrease of the plasticity. In the milling of composites, abrasive wear is the main wear form of carbide tools, due to the scratching of hard nano-TiB₂ particles. The composites containing in-situ TiB₂ particles have machining defects such as smearing, micro-scratches, micro-pits and tail on the machined surface. However, in-situ TiB₂ particles impede the plastic deformation of the composites, which greatly reduces cutting edge marks on the machined surface. Therefore, under the same milling parameters, the surface roughness of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite is much less than that of 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy respectively. Under the milling conditions of this experiment, the machined subsurface has no metamorphic layer, and the microhardness of the machined surface is almost the same as that of the material. Besides, compared with 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy, machined surfaces of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite both show tensile residual stress or low magnitude of compressive residual stress.     

高体分SiCp/Al复合材料表面吸附氦气特性

针对高体分SiC_p/Al复合材料气密性问题,系统研究了镀覆、原材料方向性对表面氦气吸附性能影响规律。研究发现该材料经镀覆处理后,其表面氦气吸附合格率提高20%,且随着镀层厚度的增加合格率逐渐提高;不同的机械加工方式对表面氦气吸附合格率影响较小;原材料存在方向各异性,横向切削下料方式下氦气吸附合格率高达91%,纵向切削下料方式下合格率仅为68%。     

模具形式对V型结构复合材料固化变形的影响

复合材料在热压罐成型过程中由于发生不可避免的物理化学变化,将会发生固化回弹变形导致尺寸偏差。V型结构普遍用于飞机外表面,研究模具形式对V型结构复合材料固化变形的影响,可有效保证复合材料成型精度,减少装配难度。本文通过建立有限元分析模型以及设计典型结构试验件相结合的方式,分析模具形式对V型结构复合材料固化变形的影响。结果表明:变形预测与试验结果误差在5%内,V型复合材料阳模成型比阴模成型的变形要大10%～15%,其变形回弹量趋势与拐角角度、制件厚度成反比,阳模成型时其回弹与拐角半径成正比。     

热压罐工艺帽型加筋壁板长桁胶接变形问题

采用"干长桁+湿蒙皮"共胶接工艺制造复合材料帽型加筋壁板零件时,发现长桁在胶接固化后普遍存在压塌式变形及胶接面胶层厚度不均匀的现象。为改善上述问题以实现复合材料帽型加筋壁板的高精度成型,通过试验件的制造和检测收集了长桁胶接前后的变形数据及胶接后的胶层厚度数据,分析了长桁在热压罐中胶接时的受力状态及导致长桁变形的主要原因,并采用有限元模拟对分析进行了验证。结果表明：帽型长桁在胶接后确实发生了压塌式变形,长桁胶接时帽顶R区的内外压力差及长桁缘条侧边加压不充分是导致变形的主要原因。将长桁缘条侧边倒成斜边或可减小这种变形的程度。     

Wear Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P-Diamond Composite Coatings

The wear behaviour of composite coatings is related to the nature of embedded particles.The effects of particle size on the wear behaviour of composite coatings are analyzed.Electroless nickel composite coatings containing diamond particles with the sizes in the range of 0—0.5,0.5—1,1—2μm are prepared.The surface morphology of diamond particles and composite coatings are observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The wear tests of composite coatings are comparatively evaluated by sliding against a cemented tungsten carbide ball.The 3D morphology of worn scar is evaluated by using a 3Dprofiler.The results show that the hardness and wear resistance of composite coatings can increase with the increase of particle sizes.The mixture mechanism of adhesive wear and abrasive wear turn into single abrasive wear with the increase of particle sizes as well.The transformation of wear behaviour is mainly attributed to particle roles during wear process.     

基于均匀化方法的三维编织复合材料等效弹性性能预测

由于三维编织复合材料具有复杂的空间拓扑结构,其力学性能分析通过宏观有限元方法往往因为占用大量的计算机内存而难以实现。从细观结构入手,计算材料的等效弹性模量可大大降低计算量。现建立了等效弹性模量的均匀化列式及有限元求解方法,运用该方法对三维编织复合材料的等效弹性性能进行了预测,并提出了三种单胞模型的周期性边界条件的施加方法。通过该方法得到等效弹性模量与实验结果较为吻合,从而有利于进行下一步的细观应力场计算。     

影响惯性仪表精度长期稳定的材料学问题与对策

陀螺仪和加速度计等惯性仪表的精度对零组件的尺寸变化有着极其敏感的反应。随着对惯性仪表精度及其稳定性研究的深入,发现材料的尺寸不稳定是导致精度稳定性差的主要原因之一。以多种惯性仪表构件的常用材料为例,从材料学角度系统综述了微观缺陷、第二相、晶粒和织构、内应力以及环境因素对材料尺寸稳定性的影响规律,并提出了如何从材料内禀特性出发改善惯性仪表精度长期稳定性,展望了惯性仪表材料与工艺的未来发展方向。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.