H2O污染对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能影响的三维数值模拟

为了解来流污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,需要大量的实验和CFD模拟。基于纯净空气和污染空气(H2O)来流下燃烧对比实验,采用较为详细的化学反应动力学模型(13组分33方程),对三个试验条件的燃烧室反应流场进行了三维大规模并行CFD模拟。模拟结果与对比试验测得的壁面压强比较接近,能"分辨"试验气体中H2O的污染影响。模拟结果显示,从燃烧室整体性能看,7.4%H2O和18.3%H2O污染导致燃烧室单位流量的空气对应推力分别下降4.1%和10.7%,而燃烧室燃烧效率分别下降5.5%和9.5%。     

惯性平台误差标定仿真数据源建模研究

为满足平台导航方式自标定算法对仿真数据源的需求,归纳总结了标定算法对仿真数据源的要求,提出了用于产生标定仿真数据的平台运动学模型.该模型在反映误差作用的同时回避了平台复杂控制系统和动力学特性,采用运动学微分方程描述台体在指令角速度激励下相对惯性空间的运动,通过代数方程描述加速度计的输出和框架角输出.在典型轨迹下,对仿真...     

Closed bioregenerative life support systems: Applicability to hot deserts

Water scarcity in hot deserts, which cover about one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, along with rapid expansion of hot deserts into arable lands is one of the key global environmental problems. As hot deserts are extreme habitats characterized by the availability of solar energy with a nearly complete absence of organic life and water, space technology achievements in designing closed ecological systems may be applicable to the design of sustainable settlements in the deserts. This review discusses the key space technology findings for closed biogenerative life support systems (CBLSS), which can simultaneously produce food, water, nutrients, fertilizers, process wastes, and revitalize air, that can be applied to hot deserts. Among them are the closed cycle of water and the acceleration of the cycling times of carbon, biogenic compounds, and nutrients by adjusting the levels of light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide, and air velocity over plant canopies. Enhanced growth of algae and duckweed at higher levels of carbon dioxide and light intensity can be important to provide complete water recycling and augment biomass production. The production of fertilizers and nutrients can be enhanced by applying the subsurface flow wetland technology and hyper-thermophilic aerobic bacteria for treating liquid and solid wastes. The mathematical models, optimization techniques, and non-invasive measuring techniques developed for CBLSS make it possible to monitor and optimize the performance of such closed ecological systems. The results of long-duration experiments performed in BIOS-3, Biosphere 2, Laboratory Biosphere, and other ground-based closed test facilities suggest that closed water cycle can be achieved in hot-desert bioregenerative systems using the pathways of evapotranspiration, condensation, and biological wastewater treatment technologies. We suggest that the state of the art in the CBLSS design along with the possibility of using direct sunlight for photosynthesis and recent advances in photovoltaic engineering can be used as a basis for building sustainable settlements producing food, water, and energy in hot deserts.     

Mechanical behavior of the metal parts welded with extraterrestrial regolith simulant by the solar concentrator in ISRU & ISRF application

The use of in-situ resources plays an important role on future extraterrestrial human activities for the facility repair and habitat construction, especially in sustainable space exploration of Moon and Mars. A method of the metal welded with extraterrestrial regolith simulant using solar processing under ambient conditions is presented. Metal parts are made of Q235B ferroalloy and TA2 titanium alloy into standard tensile members according to the ASTM code. They are disconnected from the middle in advance, and then welded together with lunar and Martian regolith simulant under ambient conditions, respectively. The entire welding process and precautions are detailed. Additionally, the mechanical behavior of weldments is characterized regarding their tensile strength. Furthermore, the fusion zone of weldments is studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results show that it is possible to weld metal parts together with extraterrestrial regolith simulant by the solar concentrator. The average ultimate tensile strength of ferroalloy specimens welded with lunar and Martian regolith simulant is 2.94 MPa and 1.66 MPa; The average ultimate tensile strength of titanium alloy specimens welded with lunar and Martian regolith simulant is 4.95 MPa and 2.59 MPa. Moreover, the failure mode of all weldments was brittle failure. The welding joints strength derives from the phases that the regolith as the solder fusing into ferroalloys in a homogeneous way and titanium alloys in an inhomogeneous way. The presented method may provide a new thought for astronaut assistance associating with repairing and fabricating in subsequent Moon and Mars missions.     

Surface effects on the free vibration behavior of postbuckled circular higher-order shear deformable nanoplates including geometrical nonlinearity

This investigation deals with the free vibration characteristics of circular higher-order shear deformable nanoplates around the postbuckling configuration incorporating surface effects. Using the Gurtin–Murdoch elasticity theory, a size-dependent higher-order shear deformable plate model is developed which takes account all surface effects including surface elasticity, surface stress and surface density. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered based on the von Karman type nonlinear strain–displacement relationships. Also, in order to satisfy the balance conditions between bulk and surfaces of nanoplate, it is assumed that the normal stress is distributed cubically through the thickness of nanoplate. Hamilton?s principle is utilized to derive non-classical governing differential equations of motion and related boundary conditions. Afterwards, an efficient numerical methodology based on a generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed to solve numerically the problem so as to discretize the governing partial differential equations along various edge supports using Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto grid points and pseudo arc-length continuation technique. A comparison between the results of present non-classical model and those of the classical plate theory is conducted. It is demonstrated that in contrast to the prebuckling domain, for a specified value of axial load in the postbuckling domain, increasing the plate thickness leads to higher frequencies.     

若干周期性复合材料结构数学均匀化方法的计算精度

数学均匀化方法(MHM)一般需要通过有限元方法(FEM)来实现,摄动阶次和单元阶次直接影响计算结果。在解耦格式中,各阶摄动位移是相应阶次的影响函数和均匀化位移导数的乘积。单元阶次的选取取决于影响函数和均匀化位移的精度要求,而摄动阶次的选取则主要依赖于虚拟载荷的性质和均匀化位移各阶导数的计算精度;针对周期性复合材料杆的静力学问题,在施加不同阶次的载荷时,通过选择合适阶次的单元和摄动阶次得到了精确解。使用类似的方法研究了2D周期性复合材料静力学问题,指出了四边固支作为周期性单胞边界条件以及宏观位移求导精度对计算结果将有很大的影响。强调了二阶摄动对数学均匀化方法计算精度的作用;在数值结果中,应用最小势能原理评估了各阶摄动数学均匀化方法的计算精度,数值比较结果验证了结论的正确性。     

Updated TUS space fluorescence detector for study of UHECR

The TUS (Tracking Ultra-violet Set up) space fluorescence detector has to be launched in 2010 as a separated platform in Foton (Bion) mission prepared by the Samara enterprise. This detector was designed for another satellite and the updated variant of the TUS detector for a new platform is presented. The data on UV glow of the atmosphere obtained in operation of one pixel of the TUS detector on board the Moscow State University “Universitetsky-Tatiana” satellite was taken into account in design of the updated TUS detector. The data on UV transient flashes registered in “Universitetsky-Tatiana” mission are of special interest. Electronics of the TUS detector able to select and register different types of UV events in the atmosphere is presented.     

Solar Wind Models from the Sun to 1 AU: Constraints by in Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements

There are three major types of solar wind: The steady fast wind originating on open magnetic field lines in coronal holes, the unsteady slow wind coming probably from the temporarily open streamer belt and the transient wind in the form of large coronal mass ejections. The majority of the models is concerned with the fast wind, which is, at least during solar minimum, the normal mode of the wind and most easily modeled by multi-fluid equations involving waves. The in-situ constraints imposed on the models, mainly by the Helios (in ecliptic) and Ulysses (high-latitude) interplanetary measurements, are extensively discussed with respect to fluid and kinetic properties of the wind. The recent SOHO observations have brought a wealth of new information about the boundary conditions for the wind in the inner solar corona and about the plasma conditions prevailing in the transition region and chromospheric sources of the wind plasma. These results are presented, and then some key questions and scientific issues are identified. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Energization of Plasma Species by Intermittent Kinetic Alfvén Waves

We propose a new phase-mixing sweep model of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration based on dissipative properties of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs). The energy reservoir is provided by the intermittent ∼1 Hz MHD Alfvén waves excited at the coronal base by magnetic restructuring. These waves propagate upward along open magnetic field lines, phase-mix, and gradually develop short wavelengths across the magnetic field. Eventually, at 1.5–4 solar radii they are transformed into KAWs. We analyze several basic mechanisms for anisotropic energization of plasma species by KAWs and find them compatible with observations. In particular, UVCS (onboard SOHO) observations of intense cross-field ion energization at 1.5–4 solar radii can be naturally explained by non-adiabatic ion acceleration in the vicinity of demagnetizing KAW phases. The ion cyclotron motion is destroyed there by electric and magnetic fields of KAWs.     

引力相互作用的三个类型与总星系的泡沫结构

本研究试图表明,如将与宇宙常数有关的真空能考虑在内,就可利用牛顿力学的数学框架,将引力相互作用分为三个类型和两种表现如下:物质对物质——吸引,物质对真空——排斥,真空对真空——排斥。据此,得出了鉴别天体系统是处于膨胀状态还是处于收缩状态的一个判据。然后讨论了引力相互作用的三个类型和两种表现在总星系泡沫结构形成中的作用,认为真空能量(暗能量)扮演了起泡剂的角色。最后导出了空洞膨胀动力学方程,并对一空洞的膨胀加速度和速度进行了估计。