Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

一种鲁棒的概率核主成分分析模型

大数据时代面临的数据维数越来越高,对数据降维处理越发显得重要。经典的主成分分析模型已被证明是一种有效的数据降维方法。但它在处理非线性、存在噪声和异常点的数据时存在效果较差的问题。对此,文章提出了一种鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型。该模型将核方法与基于高斯隐变量模型的极大似然框架相结合,用多元 t分布作为先验分布,以同时解决主成分分析在这 3个方面的弊端。提出混合鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型,使其可直接用于对混合的非线性数据进行降维和聚类分析。在不同数据集上进行的实验结果表明,与标准的混合概率核主成分分析模型相比,文中模型在数据聚类方面有更高的准确率。     

三浮陀螺伺服测试误差系数估计方法

为了更好地解决工程实际中三浮陀螺极轴伺服测试时误差系数估计问题,采用了Kalman滤波和递推最小二乘的方法.试验结果证明,Kalman滤波方法能够有效地估计出极轴伺服测试时的陀螺误差系数.用统计检验的方法分析了该模型以及各系数的显著性,结果显示对Dvz和Dzz的估计是显著的.     

航空发动机空气系统和热分析的耦合计算与试验验证

针对航空发动机空气系统设计和热分析计算分开进行且不考虑发动机部件对空气系统换热影响的特点,结合热分析计算实际,通过计算空气与热端部件之间的热量交换,建立了空气系统和热分析的耦合计算方法,并通过试验予以了验证。计算结果和试验结果的对比表明,耦合与非耦合计算的腔室压力基本相同,但耦合计算的腔室温度更接近试验结果,耦合计算相比于非耦合计算与试验的温度误差减小9.7K,耦合计算方法有利于减小空气系统温度计算误差。     

Design and analysis of a truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a 3UU-3URU unit

Space deployable structures with large calibers, high accuracy, and large folding ratios are indispensable equipment in the aerospace field. Given that the single-DOF 3RR-3RRR deployable unit cannot be fully folded, this study proposes a 3UU-3URU deployable unit with two kinds of DOF: folding movement and orientation adjustment. First, based on the G-K formula, the DOF of the 3UU-3URU unit is analyzed. Then, the 3UU-3URU unit is used to construct a deployable truss antenna with a curved surface, and the DOF of the whole deployable antenna containing multiple 3UU-3URU units is calculated. The structural design of a deployable antenna with two loops is carried out with specific parameters and geometric relations. Next, a DOF simulation of a basic combination unit composed of three 3UU-3URU units is performed. Finally, a prototype of the basic combination unit is manufactured, and the DOF of the mechanism is experimentally verified.     

热障涂层在涡轮叶片应用中的热防护有效性

建立了含热障涂层的涡轮叶片简化传热模型,通过理论推导建立了热障涂层的有效性判据,并基于此进行了热防护有效性分析。理论分析与数值实验表明:由热障涂层带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化会显著影响热障涂层的热防护效果;在发动机典型工况下,对于处于高温区的高压涡轮叶片前缘处,热障涂层引起的复合传热表面传热系数变化率最大值的范围为1.25%~10.83%以满足热防护有效性要求。在工程中应特别注意由于热障涂层的应用带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化,否则会导致热防护失效,甚至产生反效果。      

动态时频谱分析、探测和跟踪的随机有限集法

动态出现和消失多分量信号的时频分析问题一直是非平稳信号处理的难点之一。为此,提出了一种分析、探测和跟踪多分量信号的随机有限集法。该算法利用时频变换,如短时傅里叶变换或自适应谱估计法,以及多项式预测模型,将多分量信号的时频分析问题归纳成可利用随机有限集进行多目标追踪的问题。分析表明：借助于提出的初始权重赋值算法,以及谱分量幅度和频率的联合似然函数,就可利用高斯混合概率假设密度滤波器来实现对动态时频谱的分析、探测和跟踪。在仿真实验中,所提算法有效提升了动态时频谱的跟踪精度,其对微弱时频谱分量的探测能力,以及对载频差异的分析能力均优于文献报道的算法。     

篦齿封严风阻温升特性研究

篦齿封严风阻温升效应引起的热负荷对航空发动机涡轮叶片冷气系统有着重要的影响。采用理论分析、数值计算与实验相结合的方法系统地研究了篦齿封严的风阻温升特性。首先,对篦齿封严风阻温升特性进行了理论分析,设计搭建了篦齿封严风阻温升特性实验台,建立了基于RNG（Re-Normalization Group） k-ε湍流方程的篦齿封严风阻温升数值求解模型。然后,研究了篦齿封严流场特性、泄漏特性和风阻温升特性,并将理论计算、数值仿真与实验测试结果相互对比分析,研究了压比、转速等因素对篦齿封严风阻温升特性的影响规律,揭示了篦齿封严的风阻温升效应产生的机理。结果表明：高低齿篦齿封严结构减弱了篦齿封严的透气效应,增强了篦齿封严的动能耗散,有利于降低篦齿封严的泄漏量;在所研究的工况下,转速低于2 000 r/min时,风阻温升效应较小,转速在2 000~6 000 r/min时,风阻温升随转速的升高而增大,温升值最高可达12.87 K;压比的增大会加强气流的对流换热,转速为6 000 r/min时,压比从1.1增加到1.3,温升值下降了7 K左右;风阻温升产生的主要原因是流经封严间隙的黏性气流与高速旋转的转子相互摩擦产生热量,气流吸收这部分摩擦热导致温度升高,转子转速越高,风阻温升效应越强。所研究的篦齿封严风阻温升特性为航空发动机内通道气流热负荷分析提供了理论依据。     

腐蚀条件下基于Gerber模型的DFR推导及实测

为了研究等寿命曲线模型的选取对细节疲劳额定值计算结果的影响,针对六种典型航空材料对比了Gerber模型和Goodman模型对于高周疲劳数据的拟合精度;推导基于Gerber模型的DFR计算公式、腐蚀折算系数CC的表达式;针对2024-T3铝合金(表面阳极化)进行了预腐蚀0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、36 h和72 h的疲劳实验并分析预腐蚀72 h的疲劳断口。结果表明:Gerber模型适用于LY12CZ等铝合金,并且在N_95/95>10~5次时,基于Gerber模型的DFR法才能发挥延性材料的潜能;随着预腐蚀时间增长,2024-T3铝合金DFR值下降,基于Gerber模型计算的DFR分别为84.251 MPa、84.721 MPa、79.683 MPa、80.745 MPa、77.026 MPa和74.996 MPa,腐蚀折算系数CC为1.006、0.946、0.958、0.914、0.890,拟合得到DFR随预腐蚀时长的变化曲线是DFR=84.251[lg(t+10)]^-0.15578;断口分析发现预腐蚀产生的蚀坑和材料中的夹杂物会加速疲劳裂纹的形成和扩展,导致结构的疲劳性能降低,但与裸材相比,阳极化过的试件的DFR在腐蚀环境中下降趋势减缓。