CNC系统中几种升降速控制曲线的研究与比较

运动过程的升降速控制是CNC(Com puter num ericalcontrol)系统开发中的关键技术难题之一。文中在分别分析了数控系统中梯形、S型和直线加抛物型升降速曲线的基础上,对这几种控制方法各自的优缺点及适用场合进行了比较,并着重讨论了速度时间曲线是直线加抛物型的升降速曲线在由步进电机驱动的经济型数控系统中的应用,实验证明,采用直线加抛物型升降速曲线能够显著提高由步进电机驱动的经济型数控系统的性能     

Yoshimura折痕的双指机械手设计与分析

折纸的连续弯曲、扭转、伸展收缩和线性运动的特性,使得折纸构型比较适合机械手机构设计;然而,折纸在机械手方面的应用特别是对非柱状的机械手应用较少。基于图论和折痕分配算法提出了一种基于Yoshimura折痕的双指机械手机构,该机构由对应折痕等效形成的销杆连接构成。通过对折痕进行几何分析研究了该机构的运动特性,发现双指机械手机构能够实现弯曲抓取,具有弯曲程度大、抓取适应性强和结构刚度大的优点。对Yoshimura折痕的双指机械手机构进行了三维结构设计,通过对双指机械手机构进行自由度分析和几何分析,发现双指机械手单元具有3个自由度,机械手每个单元上的杆间角度越大可抓取物体的半径越小,且随着机械手横向和纵向单元数目增加其可抓取物体的半径变大。     

Evolution of convex structure during counter-rotating electrochemical machining based on kinematic modeling

Counter-rotating electrochemical machining (CRECM) is a novel electrochemical machining (ECM) method, which can be used to machine convex structures with complex shapes on the outer surface of casings. In this study, the evolution of the convex structure during CRECM is studied. The complex motion form of CRECM is replaced by an equivalent kinematic model, in which the movement of the cathode tool is realized by matrix equations. The trajectory of the cathode tool center satisfies the Archimedes spiral equation, and the feed depth in adjacent cycles is a constant. The simulation results show that the variations of five quality indexes for the convex structure: as machining time increases, the height increases linearly, and the width reduces linearly, the fillets at the top and root fit the rational function, and the inclination angle of the convex satisfies the exponential function. The current density distributions with different rotation angles is investigated. Owing to the differential distribution of current density on workpiece surface, the convex is manufactured with the cathode window transferring into and out of the processing area. Experimental results agree very well with the simulation, which indicates that the proposed model is effective for prediction the evolution of the convex structure in CRECM.     

铝合金加速腐蚀因子模型与分析

以腐蚀深度衡量铝合金的腐蚀损伤,假设蚀坑深度服从对数正态分布、腐蚀深度与腐蚀时间的关系为幂函数式,建立了加速腐蚀因子模型,给出了常用铝合金加速腐蚀因子的表达式;得到了加速腐蚀因子与腐蚀时间无关的结论。并建立了加速腐蚀因子估计值的分布特性和统计分析方法。     

Structural topology optimization under stationary random base acceleration excitations

Structural topology optimization subjected to stationary random base acceleration excitations is investigated in this paper. In the random response analysis, the Large Mass Method(LMM) which attributes artificial large mass values at each driven nodal Degree Of Freedom(DOF) to transforming the base acceleration excitations into force excitations is proposed. The Complete Quadratic Combination(CQC) which is commonly used to calculate the random responses in previous optimization has been proven to be computationally expensive especially for large-scale problems. In order to conquer this difficulty, the Pseudo Excitation Method(PEM) and the combined method of PEM and Mode Acceleration Method(MAM) are adopted into the dynamic topology optimization, and random responses are calculated using these two methods to ascertain a high efficiency over the CQC. A density-based topology optimization method minimizing dynamic responses is then formulated based on the integration of LMM and PEM or the combined method of PEM and MAM. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed schemes in dynamic response analysis and the quality of the optimized design in improving dynamic performance.     

高速平台下动目标高分辨成像方法研究

高速平台对地面强散射移动目标或者海面舰船目标进行合成孔径雷达成像（SAR）时，存在两方面问题：一是传统SAR匀速直线模型已不适应高速平台自身高动态运动特征；二是目标的非合作运动一方面会引起图像散焦，另一方面动目标在地距图中的位置会产生较大偏移。针对这两个问题，首先在匀加速度模型频域相位滤波算法下，推导出了精确的斜地投影关系以及近似的反投影关系，同时给出了基于惯性组合导航（INS）的平台运动补偿方法，最后结合自聚焦技术，完成对舰船目标的聚焦并得到以目标为图像中心的地距图。     

Effect of biases in integrity monitoring for RTK positioning

In road transport, continuous high-accuracy positioning is required in real time. To ensure the proper functioning and safety of vehicular applications, integrity monitoring (IM) is needed to protect from the positioning errors under a certain alert limit (AL) with a pre-defined probability of misleading information (MI). In this study, a detailed threat model is developed for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning application of short baselines. The model distinguishes between ambiguity-float and -fixed scenarios, and considers the influences of phase and code multipath as well as between-receiver atmospheric residuals. With the float ambiguities temporally constrained, the bias contribution that propagates with time-updated ambiguities was studied analytically for the horizontal protection level (HPL) in IM. Based on real data from both static and kinematic experiments, HPL was computed along the direction of the semi-major axis of the horizontal error ellipse. In ambiguity-float and -fixed cases, the HPL was mostly several meters and decimetres, respectively. It was found that time-propagated biases play a dominant role in the ambiguity-float HPL, and among them, phase and code multipath had in general the largest contributions. For ambiguity-fixed case, the phase multipath was found to play a dominant role in the HPL. This shows the importance of considering the biases in the RTK IM for both the ambiguity-float and -fixed scenarios. Given a horizontal alert limit (HAL) of 5 m, the availabilities of ambiguity-float solutions were low, i.e., below 50% for the static roof tests and below 5% for the kinematic road tests. For the ambiguity-fixed scenario, with HAL at 0.5 m, integrity availability was nearly 100% for the static roof tests and above 85% for the kinematic road tests.     

电传飞机加速度传感器安装位置对飞行品质的影响

从飞行控制系统原理出发,以某型电传飞机为例,通过六自由度仿真对比,分析加速度传感器安装位置对飞行品质的影响,并从飞行品质的角度出发,对采用电传飞控系统飞机的加速度传感器安装位置提出建议.     

An adaptive attitude algorithm based on a current statistical model for maneuvering acceleration

A current statistical model for maneuvering acceleration using an adaptive extended Kalman filter(CS-MAEKF) algorithm is proposed to solve problems existing in conventional extended Kalman filters such as large estimation error and divergent tendencies in the presence of continuous maneuvering acceleration. A membership function is introduced in this algorithm to adaptively modify the upper and lower limits of loitering vehicles' maneuvering acceleration and for realtime adjustment of maneuvering acceleration variance. This allows the algorithm to have superior static and dynamic performance for loitering vehicles undergoing different maneuvers. Digital simulations and dynamic flight testing show that the yaw angle accuracy of the algorithm is 30% better than conventional algorithms, and pitch and roll angle calculation precision is improved by 60%.The mean square deviation of heading and attitude angle error during dynamic flight is less than3.05°. Experimental results show that CS-MAEKF meets the application requirements of miniature loitering vehicles.     

Spectra of the two official GLEs of solar cycle 24

Based on ground-level data and on satellite data we determine in this work the observational spectrum of both, the Ground Level Enhancement of May 17, (2012) the so-called GLE71 and the Ground Level Enhancement of September 10, 2017 (GLE 72). We describe a simplified method to obtain the experimental spectrum at ground level. Data of the GLE71 and GLE72 indicate the presence of two different populations, each one with a different energy spectrum. On the other hand, we explore the kind of phenomena that take place at the source in these two particular events. In contrast with other methods based on the temporal synchronization between electromagnetic emissions of flares and coronal mass ejections (CME), here we develop an alternative option based on the study of the accelerated particles, by adjusting our theoretical spectra to the observational spectra. The main results of this work are the derivation of the source and acceleration parameters involved in the generation process. These results lead us to construct possible scenarios of particle generation in the source for each one of the two studied GLEs.