横向变过载对固体火箭发动机绝热结构设计的影响

针对新一代防空导弹高机动作战特点,研究了复杂横向变过载对固体火箭发动机绝热结构工程设计的影响。同时考虑过载值和过载角度的瞬时变化,对发动机绝热层进行网格划分,并对烧蚀厚度进行编程计算,进而按照安全裕度设计准则得到不同位置的绝热层设计厚度。与传统设计结果相比,考虑横向过载的变化可以显著减少了发动机的结构质量,提高了发动机总体性能,绝热质量减小了53.7%,总冲提高了6.84%。      

Magnetic energy release near accreting black holes

The observed non-thermal emission from accreting compact objects is often understood in terms of the expected magnetic activity of accretion disks. This review discusses the constraints on this view point that can be obtained from, principally, the X-ray spectra and the X-ray variability of black hole candidates.Furthermore, the traditional view of an accretion disk corona, put forward as the source of the non-thermal emission, analogous to the solar corona is shown to be wrong on a few important points. Firstly, the density in the equilibrium accretion disk corona is extremely low. A reasonable plasma density is retained by pair production processes similar to those existing in the pulsar magnetosphere. Secondly, the dominant resistivity in the accretion the disk on the current carrying electrons.     

Particle acceleration and kinematics in solar flares – A Synthesis of Recent Observations and Theoretical Concepts (Invited Review)

We review the physical processes of particle acceleration, injection, propagation, trapping, and energy loss in solar flare conditions. An understanding of these basic physical processes is inexorable to interpret the detailed timing and spectral evolution of the radiative signatures caused by nonthermal particles in hard X-rays, gamma-rays, and radio wavelengths. In contrast to other more theoretically oriented reviews on particle acceleration processes, we aim here to capitalize on the numerous observations from recent spacecraft missions, such as from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the Yohkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) and Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT), and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). High-precision energy-dependent time delay measurements from CGRO and spatial imaging with Yohkoh and TRACE provide invaluable observational constraints on the topology of the acceleration region, the reconstruction of magnetic reconnection processes, the resulting electromagnetic fields, and the kinematics of energized (nonthermal) particles. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simulations of pickup-ion acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks

We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.     

对复杂平面连杆机构运动分析的研究

本文提出了用转化机构法进行单自由度复杂平面连杆机构的运动分析.基本思想是通过改变机构的原动件或机架或同时改变原动件和机架,以简化机构的运动分析.这种方法对常见的平面复杂连杆机构的运动分析非常有效,无需进行复杂的试凑或迭代.同时本文提出的这种解法有较为广泛的意义,对加深认识机构的组成以及对机构其它问题的研究都是+分重要的.     

超音速时修正空速与马赫数的换算及加速度因子的计算

给出了超音速飞行时修正空速与马赫数的换算公式，并根据导出的公式计算了０—３２０００ｍ各高度上的修正空速与马赫数、真空速对应的数值表，该表与文献［２］中给出的数值表（表２５）完全一致。此外，也给出了在超音速时等表速爬升的加速度因子的计算公式。     

Gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei: Emission processes and particle acceleration

It is argued that the high-energy X-ray and -ray emission from flaring blazars is beamed radiation from the relativistic jet supporting the relativistic beaming hypothesis and the unified scenario for AGNs. Most probably the high-energy emission results from inverse Compton scattering by relativistic electrons and positrons in the jet of radiation originating external to the jet plus pair annihilation radiation from the jet. Future positive TeV detections of EGRET AGN sources will be decisive to identify the prominent target photon radiation field. Direct -ray production by energetic hadrons is not important for the flaring phase in -ray blazars, but the acceleration of energetic hadrons during the quiescent phase of AGNs is decisive as the source of secondary electrons and positrons through photo-pair and photo-pion production. Injection of ultrahigh energy secondary electrons and positrons into a stochastic quasilinear acceleration scheme during the quiescent AGN phase leads to cooling electron-positron distribution functions with a strong cut-off at low but relativistic energy that under certain local conditions may trigger a plasma instability that gives rise to an explosive event and the flaring -ray phase.     

基于变导叶调节的涡扇发动机加速过程优化控制

提出了一种利用变导叶调节,基于可行序列二次规划算法的涡扇发动机加速过程优化控制方法,研究发现,通过在发动机加速过程中对压缩部件导叶角度的适应性调节,可以优化压气机和风扇在过渡态的空气流量,使得燃油在满足各方面约束条件下以最大可能的速度增加,从而提升了发动机加速性能.最后,与常规两变量加速过程优化方法进行了对比研究:在相同目标函数和约束条件下,分别进行了两控制量(主燃油和尾喷管喉道面积)、增加风扇导叶调节或压气机变导叶的三控制量的加速优化控制仿真,结果表明,所提出的方法在优化过程中可以使得燃油最大可能速率高于常规方法,且发现压气机导叶角在优化过程的作用优于风扇导叶角,优化后的工作点加速路径紧贴喘振裕度限制边界,且各个约束严格在可行域范围内,3种方案的加速时间分别为5.5,4.9s和4.5s.     

一种攻击大机动目标的组合导引律

在分析经典导引律和现代导引律内在联系的基础上,利用有限可获的制导信息,提出了一种新的组合导引律,由比例项和前置角项组成,力图综合经典导引律和现代导引律的优点,结构简单,易于工程实现,并在基于目标大机动规避的假设下给出了机理解释;通过仿真验证,此方法具有末段弹道平直的优点。     

飞行加速度条件下绝热层烧蚀实验研究

为了深入研究固体火箭发动机在飞行过程中前封头内绝热层碳化烧蚀率增大的机理和规律，国内外学者设计和研制了多种实验装置。本文在概述各种实验装置的基础上，进行比较分析，认为用烧蚀发动机在旋转实验台模拟飞行加速度开展绝热层烧蚀实验研究是一种经济实用的方法。