新型2-2PRUR并联机构运动学分析及工作空间优化

基于工业生产线实际需求,设计了新型2-2PRUR并联机构,进行运动学分析的同时基于散点图对工作空间进行了优化。提出了通过拆分动平台为两部分并加装行星轮系以解决四自由度并联机构过约束及增大转动自由度转角的方法;运用坐标法写出机构约束方程并求解位置正反解;利用位置反解方程解的散点画出机构工作空间,同时以散点数最大为原则运用遗传算法对工作空间进行优化,获得了合理的结构参数。为此类并联机构的研究和应用奠定了基础。     

基于滚动时域优化的旋转弹解耦控制器设计

旋转弹在飞行过程中会受到外界干扰和不确定性的影响,并且存在气动交联、惯性交联和控制交联,为了实现稳定飞行,有必要进行解耦控制器设计。提出了一种基于滚动时域优化（RHO）的解耦控制方法。将旋转弹和舵机系统的动力学模型用状态空间形式描述,基于旋转弹、指令滤波器、积分跟踪误差的状态方程得到一个增广状态方程。采用基于指令滤波器的滚动时域优化方法进行控制量解算,根据系统输出与指令信号之间的差值实时调节控制器增益,实现旋转弹解耦控制。从加速度控制仿真结果可以看出,所设计的控制系统基本不受转速、建模误差和外界干扰的影响,具有较高的鲁棒性。      

含铰链间隙板式卫星天线展开精度分析

板式卫星天线展开机构在航天领域有着广泛的应用,其空间尺寸大,拓扑结构复杂,构件之间多用铰链联结,卫星天线对指向精度要求较高,应考虑铰链间隙对指向精度的影响。含铰链间隙的卫星天线展开机构的指向精度分析建模复杂、求解困难,为此提出了矩阵法分块建模的分析方法,将复杂的整机模型分解成锁定机构计算模型与2个单闭环机构计算模型,分别分析计算铰链间隙对其精度造成的影响,建立整机的计算模型并采用粒子群优化算法进行求解,得到某特定构型的板式卫星天线在极恶劣工况下展开的指向误差为0.067°。研究表明,建立的计算模型精度高,通过智能优化算法求解可以快速得到卫星可展开机构的指向精度极恶劣值,为展开机构的误差补偿设计提供参考。      

管道中不同形状悬置障碍物与火焰相互作用的实验观察

研究管道内火焰与障碍物相互作用过程对预防因燃烧失稳导致爆炸事故具有非常重要的意义.利用高速阴影照相系统对方形管道内火焰流经不同形状的障碍物时所产生的失稳加速及变形进行了实验测试.障碍物置于管道内前端的中央位置,其形状分别为圆柱,方柱以及三角形柱体,实验表明火焰阵面在临近障碍物时会产生变形,其形状与障碍物形状相关.另外,由于障碍物与管道壁面会形成不同形状的火焰通道,从而使火焰在通道内的加速程度不同,在障碍物后形成不同的阵面结构.火焰在绕过障碍物后,因受到未燃气产生的尾流低压旋涡影响而在障碍物后方中向管道中心线翻转.     

航天阀门运动副卡滞故障分析及对策

阀门运动副的卡滞卡死现象是超低温液氢液氧火箭发动机阀门的常见故障,防止卡滞卡死是阀门可靠性设计的重要内容之一,因为卡滞卡死往往是在阀门动作若干次以后才发生的,不易被人们所发现,因而构成阀门可靠性设计的最大威胁。特别是在低温环境试验中,阀门更容易发生卡滞卡死故障。文章叙述了国内外有关低温阀门卡滞卡死故障的统计数据、故障机理、可靠性设计和防卡滞设计准则、防卡滞设计措施,并配合实际案例进行说明,可供航天发动机和航天器低温阀门设计人员参考。     

弹上电子产品起飞前工作时间折算研究

基于MIL-STD-810F等效公式,给出了弹上电子产品在导弹发射前通电工作时间折算为飞行任务时间的环境因子计算方法;论述了因发射前振动量级极小,发射前工作时间可以忽略不计;提出了加速试验方式,使高可靠性、长时间工作电子产品可靠性试验验证成为可能。     

基于滤波估计的线控转向路感规划

线控转向系统取消了转向盘与转向轮之间的机械连接,路面状况无法通过转向盘传递给驾驶员,路感需要模拟产生。为此对驾驶员理想转向盘力矩影响因素进行分析,基于汽车动力学模型,采用卡尔曼滤波方法对回正力矩进行估计,计算转向阻力矩,研究转向路感与车速、变传动比及侧向加速度的一般规律,提出基于滤波估计路感规划策略。仿真结果表明：路感模拟方法可以使得驾驶员获得良好的路面信息,提高汽车的操纵性和舒适性。     

Magnetic energy release near accreting black holes

The observed non-thermal emission from accreting compact objects is often understood in terms of the expected magnetic activity of accretion disks. This review discusses the constraints on this view point that can be obtained from, principally, the X-ray spectra and the X-ray variability of black hole candidates.Furthermore, the traditional view of an accretion disk corona, put forward as the source of the non-thermal emission, analogous to the solar corona is shown to be wrong on a few important points. Firstly, the density in the equilibrium accretion disk corona is extremely low. A reasonable plasma density is retained by pair production processes similar to those existing in the pulsar magnetosphere. Secondly, the dominant resistivity in the accretion the disk on the current carrying electrons.     

Particle acceleration and kinematics in solar flares – A Synthesis of Recent Observations and Theoretical Concepts (Invited Review)

We review the physical processes of particle acceleration, injection, propagation, trapping, and energy loss in solar flare conditions. An understanding of these basic physical processes is inexorable to interpret the detailed timing and spectral evolution of the radiative signatures caused by nonthermal particles in hard X-rays, gamma-rays, and radio wavelengths. In contrast to other more theoretically oriented reviews on particle acceleration processes, we aim here to capitalize on the numerous observations from recent spacecraft missions, such as from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the Yohkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) and Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT), and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). High-precision energy-dependent time delay measurements from CGRO and spatial imaging with Yohkoh and TRACE provide invaluable observational constraints on the topology of the acceleration region, the reconstruction of magnetic reconnection processes, the resulting electromagnetic fields, and the kinematics of energized (nonthermal) particles. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simulations of pickup-ion acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks

We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.