变厚度弹性件柔性接头的非线性分析

结合试验数据,采用Mooney-Rivlin模型模拟了柔性接头的弹性件材料;根据非线性理论,采用混合插值有限元法对某一摆角状态下的柔性接头进行了大变形非线性弹性分析,并在此基础上初步探讨了厚度不均匀弹性件对层间应力的影响。计算结果表明,弹性层减薄到一定程度时,层间剪切应力沿宽度方向分布变得均匀,应力值仍集中在2 MPa以下;层间法向应力分布变化较小,呈二次曲线分布,最大值有所降低;其中,接近后法兰的弹性件厚度不均时,对各项应力最大值影响较大。     

微重力对拟南芥长势影响的代谢网络流平衡分析

微重力作为典型的空间环境因素,对植物生长发育的影响机制是空间生命科学的研究热点。微重力环境直接或间接影响植物代谢,并引起许多生理适应。 随着系统生物学的发展,代谢网络模型使微重力环境下的植物代谢建模成为可能。采用流平衡分析方法对模式植物拟南芥不同组织的代谢网络进行分析,研究微重力对拟南芥生长发育的影响机制。通过比较空间与地面条件下拟南芥的生物质产量,发现空间条件下拟南芥黄化幼苗、幼苗、芽、根、下胚轴的生物量分别下降了33.00%,51.52%,6.89%,12.53%,11.70%,与空间环境下拟南芥的长势变化趋势一致。代谢通路富集分析发现,微重力使得拟南芥的碳固定等通路下调,而磷酸戊糖途径上调,初步解析了微重力对拟南芥生长发育的影响机制,也验证了流平衡方法用于微重力生物学效应研究中的可行性。     

基于拉盖尔函数的卫星姿态预测控制方法

针对卫星在空间站中进行绕飞检测时的姿态控制问题,考虑卫星的姿态轴需要躲避禁飞区域并指向期望位置,提出了一种基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制方法,实现了对卫星姿态轴的控制。在模型预测控制方法的基础上,通过拉盖尔函数,将优化多个控制输入转换为优化少数的拉盖尔系数,建立了拉盖尔模型预测的控制策略,改善了传统的模型预测控制方法计算效率差的问题,减少了优化时间。采用卫星在空间站中绕飞的模型进行数值仿真验证,结果表明该方法能够使卫星的姿态轴躲避禁飞区并到达指定位置。与传统方法相比,这种基于拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制策略能够提高优化效率,减少计算时间。     

三轴陀螺稳定平台伺服回路全姿态解耦及变增益控制方法

在载体大机动飞行背景下,要求惯性平台具备全姿态的功能。国内现有的三轴陀螺稳定平台（简称三轴平台）不具备全姿态的功能,在内框架增加了限位挡钉以限制内框架角的工作范围,主要是基于内框架角不能工作在接近于?90?的认识。为了准确描述全姿态条件下三轴平台的运动规律,本文指出了传统动力学推导过程中的不足之处,重新建立了三轴平台的动力学模型,基于该模型给出了非奇异的全姿态伺服回路并提出了一种新的全姿态解耦方法,包括力矩解耦和转动惯量解耦。最后,针对转动惯量在框架转动过程中非定值的问题,提出了基于H∞控制理论的变增益控制策略。仿真结果表明,变增益控制器相对定常参数控制器可显著改善三轴平台伺服回路控制的性能。     

基于五阶自由曲面垂轴偏移的空间相机变焦方法

变焦光学系统在空间探测领域中有着重要的应用需求,提出了一种基于五阶自由曲面垂轴偏移的变焦方法,实现了具有两倍变焦能力的光学系统模型。分析了五阶自由曲面透镜的变焦原理和像差模型,采用两组五阶自由曲面透镜设计并搭建了伽利略望远系统,通过控制五阶自由曲面透镜的垂轴偏移量,来改变透镜的光焦度。仿真结果分析表明：该方法的变焦曲线具有单调性,且垂轴偏移量在8mm 以内。与传统变焦方法相比,该变焦方法的特点是结构紧凑、变焦连续、控制方法简单,避免了大幅轴向变焦运动,对于可见光、红外空间光学相机轻小型化具有重要的应用价值。     

Parameter studies and evaluation principles of delamination damage in laminated composites

Delamination represents one of the most severe failure modes in composite laminates, especially when they are subjected to uniaxial compression loads. The evaluation of the delamination damage has always been an essential issue of composite laminates for durability and damage tolerance in engineering practice. Focusing on the most typical and representative elliptical delamination issue, an analytical model simultaneously considering the conservative buckling process and non-conservative delamination propagation process is implemented. Various computational cases considering different delamination depths, directions, aspect ratios, and areas are established, and the predicted results based on the analytical model are carefully compared. Effects of these geometrical delamination parameters on the buckling, delamination propagation, and failure behaviors of composite laminates are thoroughly analyzed, and innovative evaluation principles of the delamination damage have been concluded. It is found that the delamination area is the key factor that truly affecting the failure behaviors of delaminated composites, and the local / global buckling and failure loads show clear linearity with the delamination area, whilst the delamination depth and direction only have slight effects.     

飞机V型外倾双垂尾载荷校准技术

根据垂尾载荷校准及建模需求,对飞机V型外倾双垂尾结构受载情况进行了分析和简化,确定了校准试验载荷,研制了垂尾载荷校准试验专用龙门梁架。采用液压协调加载技术,完成了外倾双垂尾载荷校准试验,建立了满足测载要求的载荷模型。此种方法充分利用了左右垂尾外倾、双垂尾之间空间较大的特点,对左右垂尾对称施加向外的单点、多点载荷,加载载荷侧向分量左右自平衡,垂向分量依靠飞机自身重量即可平衡,飞机不需要复杂的固定与约束。试验中采用先搭建龙门框架,再停放飞机的方法,降低了试验风险、加快了试验进度,取得了良好的试验结果,对其他此类结构的载荷校准具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Using gamma-ray burst prompt emission to probe relativistic shock acceleration

It is widely accepted that the prompt transient signal in the 10 keV–10 GeV band from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) arises from multiple shocks internal to the ultra-relativistic expansion. The detailed understanding of the dissipation and accompanying acceleration at these shocks is a currently topical subject. This paper explores the relationship between GRB prompt emission spectra and the electron (or ion) acceleration properties at the relativistic shocks that pertain to GRB models. The focus is on the array of possible high-energy power-law indices in accelerated populations, highlighting how spectra above 1 MeV can probe the field obliquity in GRB internal shocks, and the character of hydromagnetic turbulence in their environs. It is emphasized that diffusive shock acceleration theory generates no canonical spectrum at relativistic MHD discontinuities. This diversity is commensurate with the significant range of spectral indices discerned in prompt burst emission. Such system diagnostics are now being enhanced by the broad-band spectral coverage of bursts by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope; while the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) provides key diagnostics on the lower energy portions of the particle population, the focus here is on constraints in the non-thermal, power-law regime of the particle distribution that are provided by the Large Area Telescope (LAT).     

一种TASIMM-UKF导弹状态估计方法

为了提高对机动导弹状态估计的精度和速度,提出了一种三轴分离IMM-UKF(TASIMM-UKF)滤波算法。将导弹运动状态按坐标轴方向进行三轴分离,并基于CV,CA和CJ模型集,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波器并行估计导弹三轴状态信息,有效地解决了导弹不同运动轴间的模型竞争问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高状态估计精度,缩短了估计时间,对复杂大机动目标状态估计具有良好的性能。     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.