计算气动光学研究进展

计算气动光学是采用数值计算的方法研究高速空气动力流场对光波传输和光学成像影响的一门交叉学科,在红外成像制导设计等工程应用中发挥着重要的作用。总结了计算气动光学研究的三种基本计算方法,包括基于CFD简化方法的光学统计估算、基于RANS流场的计算和基于LES/DNS瞬态流场的计算,对这三种计算方法的基本理论、计算过程进行了介绍,综述了新近的一些计算气动光学研究进展,最后指出了未来的研究重点和方向。     

超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点,对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算,结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下,类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象,干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象,尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著;在转速持续增大过程中,干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象,且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关,而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路,进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应,结果表明：加设导流织构后,承载效果明显提高,拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用,在此基础上,进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制,以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

基于中性层偏移的Z型材滚弯成形回弹预测

以提高大截面Z型材四轴滚弯成形精度为目的,通过综合考虑材料属性、几何特征和成形半径等因素对回弹的影响,建立了引入中性层偏移的大截面Z型材弯曲回弹解析模型,研究了7075-O和7475-O铝合金Z型材在不同滚弯成形半径下的回弹规律,并进行滚弯成形实验验证。结果表明,与忽略中性层偏移影响的型材回弹预测经验模型相比,基于中性层偏移的回弹预测模型能够准确预测大截面Z型材的回弹量,在相同的曲率半径下,预测回弹变形的最大相对误差从11.681%减小到3.347%。     

带止口法兰连接结构刚度特性对结构振动影响

对带有止口的法兰连接结构刚度特性进行了数值仿真研究。使用有限元软件ANSYS分析了带有止口的法兰连接结构的迟滞特性。通过对止口接触面的变形-滑移机理分析,使用一个詹金斯单元和一个弹簧单元并联模拟法兰的一个扇区,并基于法兰弯曲变形时每个扇区的不同状态建立了整个法兰结构的弯曲刚度简化模型,并对该简化模型进行了仿真,该简化模型能够较准确地模拟带止口法兰连接结构的刚度特性。基于简化模型和梁单元建立了简化转子结构模型,分析了带有止口的法兰连接结构对转子稳态动力学响应的影响。结果表明带有止口的法兰连接结构的迟滞特性能够影响峰值频率,随着止口过盈量的增加,响应峰值显著降低,具有较好的振动抑制效果。      

一种基于Deep-GBM的航空发动机中介轴承故障诊断方法

针对航空发动机中介轴承故障信号难于识别的特点,提出了一种深度梯度提升模型（Deep-GBM）对振动信号特征进行逐层学习以提高分类模型的准确率。开展某型航空发动机中介轴承故障模拟实验,并采用经验模式分解(EMD)方法对采集的振动信号进行分解,提取内蕴模式函数(IMF)分量非线性动力学参数样本熵作为原始故障特征。采用Deep-GBM对中介轴承内环故障、内环和滚动体综合故障、正常、滚棒剥落、滚棒划伤五种不同状态进行识别。实验结果表明,所提出的Deep-GBM故障诊断准确率达到87%,相对于传统的机器学习模型准确率最高提升了28%,并具有良好的泛化能力。      

移15°双十二相隐极同步整流发电机数学模型的研究

分别在abc坐标系和dq0坐标系下建立了移15°双十二相隐极同步整流发电机的基本数学方程,推导了电机电压、磁链、输出功率、电磁转矩和转子运动方程。在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了移15°双十二相隐极同步整流发电机的仿真模型。对两路输出进行了不平衡负载仿真和试验。仿真与试验结果相比基本一致,验证了移15°双十二相隐极同步整流发电机数学模型的正确性。这为双十二相同步整流发电机运行性能和励磁控制系统的研究奠定了基础。     

模型预测控制在永磁同步电机系统中的应用发展综述

随着数字技术的发展,模型预测控制(MPC)已经广泛应用于交流传动系统。首先介绍了经典MPC策略——有限控制集MPC和连续控制集MPC的原理。其次综述了多步预测控制、多矢量预测控制、具有参数鲁棒性的预测控制、广义模型预测、显式模型预测这些常见的改进MPC的研究现状,并提出相关研究思路。最后,根据MPC的应用需求和研究现状,展望了未来需要进一步深入和拓展的研究方向。     

无刷双馈电机静止坐标系数学模型的研究

由于没有电刷和滑环,提高了运行的可靠性,降低了维护成本,因此无刷双馈电机(BDFM)在变速恒频发电领域有着广阔的应用前景。由于特殊的结构和工作原理,BDFM数学模型十分复杂。从BDFM多回路空间矢量数学模型出发,推导出了两个静止坐标系之间的坐标变换关系以及功率绕组静止坐标系数学模型和控制绕组静止坐标系数学模型,推导过程简洁明了。所得结果为BDFM理论分析和不同控制策略的研究提供了理论基础。MATLAB/Simulink环境下的仿真结果验证了数学模型及坐标变换关系的正确性。     

Fault diagnosis based on measurement reconstruction of HPT exit pressure for turbofan engine

Aero-engine gas path health monitoring plays a critical role in Engine Health Management(EHM). To achieve unbiased estimation, traditional filtering methods have strict requirements on measurement parameters which sometimes cannot be measured in engineering. The most typical one is the High-Pressure Turbine(HPT) exit pressure, which is vital to distinguishing failure modes between different turbines. For the case of an abrupt failure occurring in a single turbine component, a model-based sensor measurement reconstruction method is proposed in this paper. First,to estimate the missing measurements, the forward algorithm and the backward algorithm are developed based on corresponding component models according to the failure hypotheses. Then,a new fault diagnosis logic is designed and the traditional nonlinear filter is improved by adding the measurement estimation module and the health parameter correction module, which uses the reconstructed measurement to complete the health parameters estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can well restore the desired measurement and the estimated measurement can be used in the turbofan engine gas path diagnosis. Compared with the diagnosis under the condition of missing sensors, this method can distinguish between different failure modes, quantify the variations of health parameters, and achieve good performance at multiple operating points in the flight envelope.     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.