Improving aircraft aerodynamic performance with bionic wing obtained by ice shape modulation

For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited electrical power to achieve effectively anti-/de-icing at the leading edge of the wing, a strategy of ice shape modulation was proposed. Isolated simulated ice shape pieces printed by 3D printing technology are mounted on a NACA0012 finite wing model, and its lift/drag coefficients and suction-side velocity fields are measured by the six-component force balance and the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), respectively. The ratio of the spanwise length of a single ice shape piece to chord length and the spanwise length of the non-icing area between the two adjacent single ice shape pieces are defined as dimensionless ice shape length (w/c) and dimensionless modulation ratio (w/λ), respectively. The results indicate that for a fixed w/λ, the wing lift coefficient first increases and then drops with increasing w/c, and a peak value exists when w/c is between 0.1 and 0.2. The lower the w/λ is, the higher the wing lift coefficient will be. The periodical variation of the flow separation area along the spanwise direction is attributed on the one hand to the acceleration effect of the flow field in the non-icing area which reduces the separation area, and on the other hand to the cross-flow caused by the streamwise vortices from the non-icing area to the icing area which promotes the mixing of the flow field (similar to vortex generators). The obtained modulation law is verified through flight tests and provides guidance for the use of ice shape modulation scheme for UAVs that cannot be completely anti-/de-icing under severe weather conditions.     

深空干涉测量对流层经典模型改进

对流层延迟修正误差是深空干涉测量的重要误差源之一。通过修正对流层经典天顶延迟模型和Niell映射函数NMF（Niell Mapping Function）构建了一种高精度区域对流层延迟模型。首先，结合我国深空网喀什深空站对流层延迟实测数据，对Saastamoinen模型的适用性进行分析，通过线性最小二乘拟合修正天顶干延迟参数，模型精度相对改善29.6%；然后，针对NMF低仰角情况下映射偏差较大的问题，构建偏差函数模型，显著改善了低仰角下的映射性能，经实测数据验证：仰角在0°~30°时，对流层延迟模型偏差相对改善约30%。改进后的对流层区域模型估计精度高，可为我国深空干涉测量对流层延迟修正提供参考。     

临近空间飞艇保形升空过程热运动特性研究

为了掌握双气囊临近空间飞艇升空过程中因保形需要而导致的复杂的热运动特性，文章建立了飞艇升空过程中的热平衡模型与运动模型，对某双气囊飞艇的保形升空过程进行仿真研究，获得了临近空间飞艇升空过程中轨迹与温度的变化规律。结果表明：临近空间飞艇保形升空时，升空速度呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势；受升空过程中氦气囊膨胀对外做功的影响，内部气体“过冷”现象明显，“过冷”最高可达20K；当飞艇升至驻空高度附近时，内部气体温度快速上升；受净浮力影响，飞艇的升空时间与充气质量呈反比；受夏至日太阳辐射投影面积的影响，飞艇升空过程中俯仰角越大，虽然阻力系数减小，但辐射得热降低，造成整体升空时间增加；气囊超压设置越大，飞艇升空时间越长。研究成果对临近空间飞艇的升空与运行控制具有一定的指导作用。     

基于静气动弹性效应的飞机型架外形修正方法研究

民用客机主要针对巡航外形设计,这就需要通过静气动弹性修正得到型架外形,保证型架外形在设计巡航状态飞行时,气动性能能够恢复到巡航设计状态。本文基于混合网格的N-S方程和结构柔度矩阵方法的耦合求解,发展了大飞机静气动弹性计算方法。根据静气动弹性变形过程的可逆性,结合飞行器质量分布、发动机推力以及巡航飞行重量等设计参数,发展了考虑静气动弹性效应的飞机型架外形修正方法。利用所发展的修正方法,获得了某大型客机巡航飞行的型架修正外形,同时分析了其它飞行工况的弹性气动特性,并通过算例比较验证了本文发展方法的有效性。     

Enhanced ultrasonic total focusing imaging of CFRP corner with ray theory-based homogenization technique

Ultrasonic testing is effective in defect characterization and quality assurance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) components in the aerospace industry. Due to the coupling between complex shape and elastic anisotropy, the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) and time-based Total Focusing Method (TFM) face significant challenges in the calculation of wave propagation. A wave velocity distribution model is established for a multidirectional convex corner of CFRP based on a homogenization theory and the above coupling effects are also incorporated. A ray-tracing method is proposed based on Dijkstra’s shortest path search algorithm. The predicted time of flight ensures that this technique, the homogenized TFM, could synthesize a high-quality focused image by post-processing on the full matrix capture data. Experiments on a laminate with three ?1.5 mm Side-Drilled Holes (SDHs) in different circumferential directions confirm a successful homogenized TFM imaging that all SDHs can be effectively detected. As compared to the isotropic scenario, the maximum positioning error is reduced to 0.12, 0.08, and 0.38 mm, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) are increased by 2.1, 1.1, and 11.8 dB, respectively. It is suggested that the ray-tracing assisted TFM technique can effectively improve the imaging of corners in CFRP components.     

A point cloud deep neural network metamodel method for aerodynamic prediction

Aiming to reduce the high expense of 3-Dimensional (3D) aerodynamics numerical simulations and overcome the limitations of the traditional parametric learning methods, a point cloud deep learning non-parametric metamodel method is proposed in this paper. The 3D geometric data, corresponding to the object boundaries, are chosen as point clouds and a deep learning neural network metamodel fed by the point clouds is further established based on the PointNet architecture. This network can learn an end-to-end mapping between spatial positions of the object surface and CFD numerical quantities. With the proposed aerodynamic metamodel approach, the point clouds are constructed by collecting the coordinates of grid vertices on the object surface in a CFD domain, which can maintain the boundary smoothness and allow the network to detect small changes between geometries. Moreover, the point clouds are easily accessible from 3D sensors. The point cloud deep learning neural network, which employs re-sampling technique, the spatial transformer network and the fully connected layer, is developed to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of 3D geometry. The effectiveness of the proposed metamodel method is further verified by aerodynamic prediction and robust shape optimization of the ONERA M6 wing. The results show that the proposed method can achieve more satisfactory agreement with the experimental measurements compared to the parametric-learning-based deep neural network.     

航天器大尺度部件折叠展开原理分析及应用

围绕航天器向大尺度、远距离发展所涉及的大尺度部件在轨展开技术中新工艺、新材料、新结构等，对现有航天器大尺度部件的折展机构进行了统计与分析，系统梳理了在轨航天器折展机构的技术参数、结构与组成等。介绍了折纸艺术、自回弹材料与记忆合金等新工艺、新材料在航天器太阳帆板、天线等大尺度部件上的应用。重点分析并梳理了新型结构的特性及其工作原理，包括：充气展开式、单轴旋转式、径向扩展式、单元重构式、延长伸展式等。最后，结合即将开展的载人登月与月球基地建设、太阳系探测等深空探测任务，对在轨航天器大尺度部件的折展结构与机构的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于运行模态的复合材料梁脱层损伤识别

为了实现复合材料结构损伤的定位与定量识别,利用传递率函数的运行模态分析方法探讨了复合材料梁无损检测方法,通过对加速度传递函数的最小二乘拟合,得到结构的模态频率和阻尼,对传递率函数矩阵奇异值分解,得到结构的振型.运用曲率模态(CMS)和曲率模态变化率(CMSI)作为损伤指标,对具有单损伤、多损伤和不同损伤程度的复合材料梁...     

温度-荷载耦合场下机场跑道剩余寿命评价模型

针对道面板在飞机荷载与温度耦合场复合作用下的道面寿命问题，首先，通过试验准确测量基于道面板深度的温度分布情况，得出了不同厚度道面板最大温度梯度推荐值，确定了仿真温度场加载参数。然后，在大量仿真试验分析的基础上，开展土基模量、道面板厚度和温差因素对道面板内应力的敏感性影响分析，建立温度应力与温差相关性关系模型，并通过实例验证其有效性。最后，在道面板临界荷位处进行飞机与温度耦合仿真加载试验分析，结果表明温度梯度和飞机荷载共同作用下产生的耦合应力小于温度翘曲应力和荷载应力的叠加之和，两者相差4.93%。基于荷载和温度耦合作用下的应力损伤累积原理，计算道面剩余容许作用次数，构建耦合场下道面剩余寿命评价模型，并进行实例应用。     

Collaborative force and shape control for large composite fuselage panels assembly

This study proposed a force and shape collaborative control method that combined method of influence coefficients(MIC) and the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II) to reduce the shape deviation caused by manufacturing errors, gravity deformation,and fixturing errors and improve the shape accuracy of the assembled large composite fuselage panel. This study used a multi-point flexible assembly system driven by hexapod parallel robots. The proposed method simultaneously considers...