红外地球敏感器测量误差分析及修正方法

红外地球敏感器作为卫星平台重要设备，在对地指向、姿态测量和天文自主导航等方面发挥着重要作用，高精度的地球敏感器量对于提高卫星姿态控制和天文自主导航精度具有重要意义。本文通过分析地敏测量误差的影响因素，提出随季节变化的地球CO2辐射特性是影响地敏测量精度的重要因素;根据地球辐射模型构建了地敏测量修正方法，结合在轨实测数据分析验证，证明可以大大降低由地球辐射不均匀引发的误差，有效压缩地敏在轨测量误差。     

Performance assessment of RTPPP positioning with SSR corrections and PPP-AR positioning with FCB for multi-GNSS from MADOCA products

The state-space representation (SSR) product of satellite orbit and clock is one of the most essential corrections for real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP). When it comes to PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR), the fractional cycle bias (FCB) matters. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed a multi-GNSS (i.e., global navigation satellite system) advanced demonstration tool for orbit and clock analysis (MADOCA), providing free and precise orbit and clock products. Because of the shortage of relevant studies on performance evaluation, this paper focuses on the performance assessment of RTPPP and PPP-AR by real-time and offline MADOCA products. To begin with, the real-time MADOCA products are evaluated by comparing orbit and clock with JAXA final products, which gives an objective impression of the correction. Second, PPP tests in static and simulated kinematic mode are conducted to further verify the quality of real-time MADOCA products. Finally, the offline MADOCA products are assessed by PPP and PPP-AR comparisons. The results are as follows: (1) Orbit comparisons produced an average error of about 0.04–0.13 m for the global positioning system (GPS), 0.14–0.16 m for the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), and 0.07–0.08 m for the quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS). The G15 satellite had the most accurate orbit, with a difference of 0.04 m between the JAXA orbit products and MADOCA’s counterpart, while the R07 satellite had the least accurate orbit with a difference of 0.16 m. Clock products had an accuracy of 0.4–1.3 ns for GPS, 1.4–1.6 ns for GLONASS, and 0.7–0.8 ns for QZSS in general. The G15 satellite had the most accurate clock with a difference of only 0.40 ns between the JAXA clock products and MADOCA products, and the R07 satellite had the least accurate clock with a difference of 1.55 ns. The orbit and clock products for GLONASS performed worse than those of GPS and QZSS. (2) After convergence, the positioning accuracy was 3.0–8.1 cm for static PPP and 8.1–13.7 cm for kinematic PPP when using multi-GNSS observations and precise orbit and clock products. The PFRR station performed the good performance both in static and kinematic mode with an accuracy of 2.99 cm and 8.08 cm, respectively, whereas the CPNM station produced the worst static performance with an error of 8.09 cm, and the ANMG station produced the worst kinematic performance with a counterpart of 13.69 cm. (3) The PPP-AR solution was superior to the PPP solution, given that, with respect to PPP, post-processing PPP-AR improved the positioning accuracy and convergence time by 13–32 % (3–89 %) in GPS-only mode by 2–15 % (5–60 %) in GPS/QZSS mode. Thus, we conclude that the current MADOCA products can provide SSR corrections and FCB products with positioning accuracy at the decimeter or even centimeter level, which could meet the demands of the RTPPP and PPP-AR solutions.     

Android智能手机双频GNSS伪距差分动态定位性能分析

随着智能手机全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)天线和芯片从单频单模向多频多模快速发展,基于其所衍生出来的位置服务(LBS)应用极大地便利了大众用户的日常生活.然而受限于低成本、低功耗的信号接收与处理单元,手机在无增强信息的情况下仅依赖伪距单点定位难以为用户提供稳定、高精度的导航服务.因此,基于小米8手机(Mi8)的GNSS双频原始数据,采用非组合的双频伪距观测值、载波历元差分观测值和多普勒观测值构建了滤波定位模型,并引入伪距差分数据,以提升手机定位的连续性和精度.在较复杂环境下开展了行人和车载实验,实测结果表明:双频定位精度与单频相比提升了15％～30％,伪距差分定位精度和单点定位相比提升了5％～20％,行人和车载双频伪距差分定位的平面位置误差分别为0.65m和1.03m,基本满足手机用户在城市复杂环境下的高精度定位服务需求.     

地形起伏对星载SAR像素定位影响的仿真分析

通过点目标数据仿真,分析地形起伏变化对点目标方位向、距离向位置偏移的影响,并在此基础上,提出利 用斜距变化值和多普勒参数变化值对像素偏移值进行修正的方法,给SAR像素定位问题的研究提供了参考。     

星载微波辐射计的天线方向图校正和亮温计算

在简要介绍星载微波辐射计周期定标技术基础上,着重分析了外部周期定标技术,采用天线方向图校正技术进行了误差分析,对“冷”、“热”定标源进行了计算,提出了提高星载微波辐计定标精度的措施。     

快收敛高可靠PPP-RTK大气改正模型生成方法

生成快收敛、高可靠的大气改正模型是PPP-RTK（precise point positioning-real-time kinematic）应用的关键和瓶颈问题。对顾及快收敛和可靠性的PPP-RTK大气改正模型生成方法进行了研究，通过迭代约束和时域约束保证其快收敛与可靠性，利用武汉CORS（continuously operating reference stations，连续运行参考站）进行试验，45s能够实现水平10cm（95%）的定位精度。在此基础上利用香港CORS进一步验证与分析得出：增加格网密度能够提升定位精度但会增加信息量，需要综合考虑定位效果和播发的信息量，面向普通用户的格网大小经纬度建议设置为0.5°~0.8°；生成大气改正模型的参考站空间分布必须合理且均匀，同时提出可以在合理范围内加入虚拟参考站约束大气改正模型的生成从而保证其收敛性与可靠性。     

基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料的双向形状记忆行为

为了解决当前大多形状记忆聚合物仅能实现单向形状记忆效应的难题，将TDE-86环氧树脂改性的氢化双酚A型形状记忆环氧树脂和以聚丁二烯为软段的聚氨酯弹性体相结合，制备了一种具备层合结构的形状记忆聚合物复合材料。该复合材料通过形状记忆环氧树脂产生的回复力与预拉伸聚氨酯弹性体产生的收缩力之间的平衡从而实现无应力下的双向形状记忆行为，即在90～110℃温度范围内，加热弯曲而冷却反向弯曲。结果表明：聚氨酯弹性体预拉伸量越大，材料在整个温度范围内的弯曲程度也越大；当回复温度在形状记忆环氧树脂玻璃化温度及以上时，材料回复程度较大；增加聚氨酯弹性体厚度会增大材料初始的弯曲程度，但会减小材料在双向形状记忆过程中的变形和回复程度。     

基于神经网络的减阻沟槽壁面形状优化

针对沟槽外形减阻问题，采用基于神经网络的方法对沟槽壁面形状进行外形优化。模型采用槽道流动模型，控制方程为黏性不可压缩Navier-Stokes(NS)方程，流动求解采用直接数值模拟（DNS）方法，对于对流项的离散采用紧致4阶中心格式，对黏性项的离散采用4阶中心格式，时间推进采用3阶Runge-Kutta格式。在神经网络优化过程中，约束方程为不可压NS方程，采用基于在线学习的自适应控制器，使用基于抑制展向切应力的控制律，控制量的产生由壁面变形提供。优化结果表明，壁面最大减阻效果可达17.41%。对于优化后的壁面，湍流强度降低了19.68%，同时壁面的涡量与雷诺切应力亦有所降低。由于湍流流动非定常，因此优化得到的壁面形状亦是时变的，但变化的过程中整体上仍呈现流向沟槽的形状。