Separation control on NACA23012 using synthetic jet

A numerical study of separation control has been made to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of NACA23012 airfoil with synthetic jets. Computed results demonstrated that stall characteristics and control surface performance could be substantially improved by resizing separation vortices. The maximum lift was obtained when the separation point coincides with the synthetic jet location and the non-dimensional frequency is about 1. In addition, separation control effect was proportional to the peak velocity of the synthetic jet. It was observed that the actual flow control mechanism and flow structure is fundamentally different depending on the range of synthetic jet frequency. For low frequency range, small vortices due to synthetic jet penetrated to the large leading edge separation vortex, and as a result, the size of the leading edge vortex was remarkably reduced. For high frequency range, however, small vortex did not grow up enough to penetrate into the leading edge separation vortex. Instead, synthetic jet firmly attached the local flow and influenced the circulation of the virtual airfoil shape which is the combined shape of the main airfoil with the separation vortex. As a way to reduce the jet peak velocity, performance of a multi-array synthetic jet was investigated. Moreover, a high frequency multi-location synthetic jet was exploited to efficiently eliminate the unstable flow structure which was observed in low frequency range. Finally, by changing the phase angle in multi-location synthetic jets, highly controlled flow characteristics could be obtained with multi-array/multi-location synthetic jets. This shows efficiency of the current approach in separation control using synthetic jet.     

稳定射流环量控制的仿真研究

为改善飞行器的升阻特性,提高其机动性能,利用数值仿真技术对稳定射流在超临界翼型的作用效果进行研究。通过动量系数变化对环量控制作用效果影响规律的研究分析后发现:稳定射流环量控制与无射流情况对比,有较强的优越性,在小迎角或负迎角就可以产生较大的升力。通过对后缘半径和射流口高度的变化对环量控制作用效果影响规律的研究分析,得到圆形后缘超临界环量控制翼型的初步设计方法。计算结果可为进一步研究环量控制对飞行器的影响奠定理论基础。     

Statistical study of electrostatic solitary waves associated with reconnection: Geotail observations

The role of waves in the dynamics of the magnetotail has long been a topic of interest in magnetospheric physics. The characteristics of Electrostatic Solitary Waves (ESWs) associated with reconnection have been studied statistically in the magnetotail by surveying the large amounts data obtained from Waveform Capture (WFC) which is an important component of Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) on the Geotail spacecraft. About 150 reconnection events with WFC data available are selected, and approximately 10 thousands of ESW waveforms are picked up by hands for statistical study. The ESWs are observed near diffusion region and near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL). Two kinds of waveforms of ESWs are observed: bi-polar and tri-polar pulses. It is found that the pulse width of the ESWs is in the order of 1–5 ms and the peak-to-peak amplitude is in the order of 0.1–5 mV/m. The amplitudes of ESWs are larger in the near-earth tail region than that in deep tail region. ESWs have been observed with or without guide magnetic field 〈By〉. The characteristics of ESWs in different reconnection region and under different strength of guild magnetic field, their possible generation mechanism will be discussed.     

深空探测器在轨推力器参数辨识方法

针对中国首次自主火星探测任务需要,结合环绕器质量特性和推进系统布局构型,分析了喷气卸载对整器角动量的影响。在分析的基础上,通过飞轮卸载前后三轴转速变化规律,计算整器角动量变化情况,并解算出每次喷气时产生的冲量及推力方向偏差;通过同组推力器作用时对各轴的扰动,解算整器质心坐标。利用在轨数据分析了天问一号探测器巡航段6次使用不同推力器的喷气卸载情况,解算的推力器方向偏差、质心坐标和地面设计值进行比对,实测推力方向偏差不超过0.6°,质心绝对偏差小于18mm,验证了计算方法的有效性和正确性,可作为后续轨控任务的点火方向制定、燃料预算的输入依据。     

零质量射流推迟翼型失速的数值模拟

 通过在具有分离流动的翼型表面局部地引入零质量射流干扰,可以较小的能量代价实现对翼型绕流的全局性主动控制,从而达到抑制分离、推迟翼型失速的目的。本文发展了零质量射流与翼型绕流干扰的数值分析方法。在格心有限体积法的基础上,空间离散采用AUSM+up格式,时间推进运用含牛顿型LU-SGS子迭代的全隐式双时间法,且引入了预处理方法和多重网格法等技术。以TAU0015翼型失速主动控制为算例,通过在翼型上表面前缘附近引入零质量射流控制,使翼型失速特性得到改善。将计算结果与实验结果做了比较,验证了本文发展的数值模拟方法及程序的正确性。还以NACA0015翼型为例研究了射流动量系数、射流频率、射流偏角等关键参数对失速控制效果的影响,得出一些关于如何选择控制参数的结论。     

不同出口型与驱动频率的活塞型自耦合射流研究

采用PIV对驱动频率为10, 20, 30 Hz的活塞式自耦合射流作动器流场进行测量, 应用相位锁定技术, 测得了一个周期内72个相位的瞬时流场.对3种频率下的自耦合射流的变化规律的分析, 发现当前实验条件下, 在几何尺寸不变时, 随着频率的增加, 冲程长度L0与平均出口速度U0迅速上升;当频率不变时, 随着出口孔长宽比AR的增加, 冲程长度L0于平均出口速度U0呈下降趋势;而随着孔板厚度d的增加, 冲程长度L0却随之下降.通过5个周期360张瞬时流场图的平均得到了自耦合射流的时均流场, 数据分析表明, 自耦合射流方向性很好, 其沿流方向速度剖面具有自模化特征.相对于定常二维平面射流, 其稳定发展段中心线上沿流向方向速度衰减较快.      

不同结构肋化通道对流换热特性的试验

为了研究不同结构肋化通道冲击射流传热的传热特性,设计了4种不同结构的肋化通道,采用试验的方法分别对其传热特性进行了研究,分析比较了不同的肋化结构和冲击雷诺数对传热特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,在冲击驻点区域的传热特性与粗糙肋区域有所不同,具有V形结构肋化通道的传热性能较好.      

基于双流体模型的超声速两相横向喷射流场研究

对两相超声速横向喷射试验进行了数值模拟.采用双流体两相流模型,在不同直径液滴和不同动压比条件下分别对两相超声速横向喷射流场进行了计算.结果表明:雾化液滴直径和喷射动压比对液体的横向穿透深度影响很大;雾化液滴直径的大小或者动压比的大小对喷口下游流场的影响区域是不同的.数值模拟结果与试验结果符合良好,为进一步的研究打下良好基础.      

导弹垂直发射系统三维超声速射流的数值模拟

对导弹垂直发射系统(VLS,Vertical launching system)内的三维湍流流场进行了数值模拟.采用了单元中心有限体积法和三阶迎风TVD差分格式离散Navier-Stokes方程,采用双时间步和预处理过程提高计算收敛速度,引入对角化的双时间ADI算法求解控制方程.仿真结果准确地模拟了发射系统内的激波形成过程,真实地反映出VLS中的复杂流动.研究表明,压力室底部射流中心的波后压强以大约1 200Hz的频率振荡.      

欠膨胀自由射流密度场的丙酮平面激光诱导荧光显示与测量

介绍了利用丙酮平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术测量自由射流密度场的原理,并对两种射流总压下含有丙酮蒸气示踪剂的欠膨胀自由射流的密度场结构进行了显示.所得图像直观地显示了射流的桶状激波和马赫盘等特征信息,从中可以看出射流欠膨胀度主要影响马赫盘以前的流场,射流欠膨胀度越高,则射流直径越大,马赫盘越远离喷口,桶状激波越向外凸出.为检验丙酮PLIF技术测量密度场的精度,对实验流场进行了数值仿真.仿真所得到的密度场结构以及沿射流轴线的归一化密度变化曲线与实验得到的相应结果符合较好.