弹性悬挂弯扭耦合颤振模型表面压力分布的时空特性及颤振机理分析

实际应用中,桥梁颤振稳定性可用风洞试验的结果作为评估标准,但颤振时断面的压力空间分布特征是不清楚的。本文对弹性悬挂的刚体模型在颤振时及固定时(来流风速与颤振风速一致)的表面压力进行采样,首先分析模型在颤振时的表面各部分压力特性,结果显示,右部压力相位相当于左部具有滞后性,表明是受迎风侧特征紊流影响的被动区域。随后运用本征正交分解(POD)方法分析模型表面压力分布特征与颤振发散性运动之间的关系,结果显示,所获得的本征模态中存在与颤振扭转发散运动关联极强的'主导颤振模态',该模态对总升力矩系数波动的贡献占绝对主导地位,其主坐标频率与颤振频率一致且具有与振动位移一致的发散性,但其归一化空间分布特征在断面颤振过程中不变化。结合模型在固定时的本征模态分析结果,除颤振主导模态外,其余模态均能在固定时的本征模态中找到类似空间分布的模态,且与断面发散性运动的关联性很小。本文工作为今后颤振机理分析提供了一个新的思路与方法。     

主动来流条件类平板断面气动力荷载效应分析

利用日本宫崎大学11×9多风扇主动控制来流风洞和高精度动态天平测力设备,测量了类平板断面在正弦风波来流条件三分量气动力荷载,比较了不同来流平均风速、波动幅值、脉动频率和积分尺度等参数条件下类平板断面荷载效应。报导并证实了大气边界层物理风洞固定壁面边界反射效应所产生的倍频放大效应;在获得并验证正弦风波加载离散频率荷载效应可线性迭加的有效频段区间内,初步比较了来流积分尺度和风速湍流度效应对于气动荷载效应的影响,阐明典型节段模型风洞试验结果与传统随机抖振气动力理论的差异。     

直升机旋翼桨叶外形对雷达特征信号的影响

应用一种将物理光学、等效电磁流和准静态法相结合的方法,开展旋翼桨叶外形雷达特征信号时频域谱特性的研究。首先开展翼型参数、桨尖后掠和下反角对旋翼雷达散射截面(RCS)的影响机理和响应特性分析;然后通过对比选择不同桨叶片数和桨尖后掠角时旋翼回波信号的时频域变化规律,获得实现旋翼RCS减缩的桨叶片数和强散射源分布特点,并结合时频域灰度图谱发现和提取旋翼动态RCS闪烁域出现的时机与次数。研究表明:后掠桨尖是旋翼重要的强散射源之一;采用3片或5片桨叶时旋翼的RCS峰值比4片桨叶时分别减缩2.32dB·m2和2.52dB·m2,有利于控制雷达散射回波的峰值响应;由薄翼型NACA0006构成旋翼的雷达最大探测距离是厚翼型NACA0024旋翼的38.6%和41.8%,综合隐身效果最好。     

不同出口形状S形喷管的RSC特性

采用超椭圆方法、面积变化规律及中心线变化规律设计了三种出口形状的S形喷管,结合等效边缘电磁流（EEC）法和迭代物理光学（IPO）法开发了计算程序;EEC法分析喷管出口边缘产生的绕射场对S形喷管的雷达散射截面（RCS）的贡献;IPO法分析S形喷管腔体产生的散射场对S形喷管RCS的贡献;通过对两种电磁场所产生的电磁波的矢量叠加计算S形喷管的总RCS;在此基础上,研究了3种不同出口形状的S形喷管的RCS特性.结果表明:出口形状对RCS影响较大;圆形出口是3种S形喷管中RCS最小的;相互错位的锯齿修型可有效减小喷管的RCS;喷管的S形结构设计使得全局探测角内总散射场的RCS不关于0°探测角对称,并使得最大RCS移向正探测角.      

Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

Mechanism of unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil

Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoil are quite different from the case of conventional airfoil for Reynolds number varying from about 10~4to 10~6.In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism,the unsteady flow around a stationary two-dimensional elliptic airfoil with 16%relative thickness has been simulated using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the γ-Reθt transition turbulence model at different angles of attack for flow Reynolds number of 5×10~5.The aerodynamic coefficients and the pressure distribution obtained by computation are in good agreement with experimental data,which indicates that the numerical method works well.Through this study,the mechanism of the unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is analyzed and discussed based on the computational predictions coupled with the wind tunnel results.It is considered that the boundary layer transition at the leading edge and the unsteady flow separation vortices at the trailing edge are the causes of the case.Furthermore,a valuable insight into the physics of how the flow behavior affects the elliptic airfoil’s aerodynamics is provided.     

吸波材料脱落对球面收敛喷管电磁散射特性的影响

在雷达吸波材料（RAM）涂覆位置影响球面收敛喷管（SCFN）雷达散射特性的结论上,研究了雷达吸波材料的脱落对SCFN雷达散射截面积（RCS）缩减效果的影响规律,采用加入阻抗边界条件的迭代物理光学（IPO）方法,计算了SCFN在5种不同脱落概率下的电磁散射特性。研究结果表明：吸波材料涂层的脱落会增加SCFN的RCS幅值;在俯仰探测面当脱落概率达到0.7时,依然能够保持68.19%的RCS缩减能力;在偏航探测面,当脱落概率达到0.5时,需要及时对吸波材料涂层进行修复。     

地质构造的三维可视化

地质构造三维可视化可以将地质勘探数据用直观的图形方式显示,是正确认识地质构造的重要手段,从而为油藏描述提供科学的依据.通过根据已知地质数据的三角剖分和插值,建立了地层层面、断面三角网格模型.研究了地质层面、地质整体模型、地质立体剖切和动态模型等多种三维地质模型可视化流程.提出了建立地质立体模型的方法,即由缝合相邻地层层面、相邻断线分别形成的地质体边界面和断层三角形环状曲面,以及顶地层三角网格层面,共同围成三维地质立体模型.在这一过程中,实现了最近邻优先重构、地层层面三角网格模型的外边界闭合圈多边形追踪及平面与三角网格求交线等关键算法.实验结果提供了从整体到局部的多种地质构造显示手段,从而帮助人们准确快速掌握地质构造.      

半潜入喷管收敛段碳/酚醛材料烧蚀特性

采用流固热耦合数值方法,以及Abaqus的ALE（arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian,任意拉格朗日欧拉方法）自适应网格技术,对位于半潜入喷管收敛段的碳/酚醛的烧蚀现象进行了预估,与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:在收敛段,Al/Al₂O₃液滴或颗粒对材料的传热烧蚀起到了关键作用,当气流与材料表面平行时,液滴或颗粒的影响很小;从碳/酚醛热分解角度出发,基于完全碳化即被剥蚀的假设,基本能够预估碳/酚醛材料的烧蚀特征,烧蚀速率大约为0.3 mm/s;后效碳化对材料碳化过程的影响明显,发动机工作期间,分解层的厚度大约为2.0 mm,考虑后效作用,分解层厚度可能会增加至4.0 mm左右;与喉衬接触的材料区域,喉衬的传热会明显加剧材料的碳化过程。      

导弹轨姿控舱体的强度分析

借助NASTRAN和PATRAN有限元分析软件,对承受多种加载方式的导弹轨姿控舱体进行了有无补强措施对比的强度分析。计算结果表明,轨姿控舱体设计的安全系数高;采取施加压紧盖的补强措施后,可分别使轨姿控舱体的最大应力值和最大变形量约降低到原值的1/2。试验结果证明,这种计算分析方法有效、可靠。