温度对变形高温合金热疲劳性能的影响

本文针对新型航空燃气涡轮发动机不断提高的涡轮进口温度,在以往研究工作的基础上,对一些有代表性的、特别是新研制的变形高温合金进行了试验,研究了试验温度对热疲劳寿命的影响,给出了试验温度与疲劳寿命的关系式;研究了试验温度对热疲劳裂纹扩展规律与断裂方式的影响。     

对凝聚态工质激光推进的思考

液体和固体等凝聚态物质以其自身独有的特性引起了广泛的研究兴趣。目前的研究结果表明,液体工质的冲量耦合系数较高,固体工质的比冲较高,但是能量转化效率都比较低。对照化学火箭发动机的理想热力循环过程,在对激光推进工作过程合理简化假设的基础上,给出了激光推进的理想热力循环过程,对激光推进的能量转化效率和化学火箭发动机的热效率进行了定量对比分析,结果表明,在能量转化效率方面激光推进并没有优势。分析了掺杂材料、含能工质以及液膜对激光推进理想热力循环过程的影响。定量研究结果表明,含能工质对能量转化效率的提高作用最明显,掺杂材料和含能工质对能量转化效率的提高效果比较明显。     

YAG激光焊接钛合金TA15熔池特征

利用高速摄像,对YAG激光焊接钛合金TA15时的熔池特征以及动态过程进行了深入研究,结果表明,整个熔池可以分为3部分:(a)金属蒸气/等离子体区,它是一个以1kHz以上频率波动的过程;(b)温度超过2 000K的液态熔池区域;(c)半固态熔池区域,这是熔池的主要部分,其温度虽有一定的梯度,但基本保持在熔点温度.     

单喷嘴大流量气-气喷注器设计与试验

首先对典型单喷嘴氢/氧同轴剪切式喷注器燃烧流场进行了仿真计算,分析了其燃烧流场特性;并在同轴剪切式构型基础上,为增强掺混、缩短燃烧长度、以适用于大流量工况,进行了改进设计以及相应的数值模拟和试验研究.结果表明:具有高氢/氧动量比和氧喷嘴扩口设计的同轴喷注器可以有效地缩短燃烧长度,并具有良好的热载环境,能够适用于大流量工况.研究结果为设计高效率、可靠热防护的大流量气-气喷注器的设计打下基础,并提供设计思路.      

几何高度对RBCC发动机超声速侧压式进气道起动性能的影响

对两类典型的侧压式进气道在来流Ma=1.5～5.0范围内的起动性能开展数值模拟研究,研究了几何高度对进气道性能的影响.研究发现:不同高度的进气道起动过程所表现出来的流场特征差别较大,对于合适的高度,进气道未起动时的性能大为改善,起动过程的性能变化趋于平缓,起动马赫数较小（存在最小值）,此时进气道具有较好的起动性能并能在来流马赫数小于自起动马赫数时较好工作.      

Study of the solar Slow Sonic,Alfvén and Fast Magnetosonic transition surfaces

In this paper we study the shape, extend and time variations of the solar wind transition surfaces using the Lima and Priest (1993) hydrodynamic model adequately adapted for the case of the solar wind flow. The transition surfaces, namely the Slow (Sonic), the Alfvén, and the Fast Magnetosonic surface, are important boundaries around the Sun and play a crucial role in the development of the solar wind and the structure of the inner heliosphere. We determine the shape and dimension of these surfaces as a function of heliographic latitude using measurements from Ulysses spacecraft, and we also study their temporal variation using data from spacecrafts at 1 AU (OMNI database). Furthermore, we establish their dependence with the solar activity, demonstrating their shape and location for the last two solar cycles. From this we noticed that the temporal variation of all transition surfaces follows the 11-year solar cycle. Finally, from the OMNI database, we have studied the temporal variation over the past 40 years of the plasma β parameter, the kinetic to magnetic and the kinetic to thermal energy ratios, at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun.     

Validation of University of New Brunswick Ionospheric Modeling Technique with ionosonde TEC estimation over South Africa

For more than a decade, ionospheric research over South Africa has been carried out using data from ionosondes geographically located at Madimbo (28.38°S, 30.88°E), Grahamstown (33.32°S, 26.50°E), and Louisvale (28.51°S, 21.24°E). The objective has been modelling the bottomside ionospheric characteristics using neural networks. The use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is described as a new technique to monitor the dynamics and variations of the ionosphere over South Africa, with possible future application in high frequency radio communication. For this task, the University of New Brunswick Ionospheric Modelling Technique (UNB-IMT) was applied to compute midday (10:00 UT) GNSS-derived total electron content (GTEC). GTEC values were computed using GNSS data for stations located near ionosondes for the years 2002 and 2005 near solar maximum and minimum, respectively. The GTEC was compared with the midday ionosonde-derived TEC (ITEC) measurements to validate the UNB-IMT results. It was found that the variation trends of GTEC and ITEC over all stations are in good agreement and show a pronounced seasonal variation for the period near solar maximum, with maximum values (∼80 TECU) around autumn and spring equinoxes, and minimum values (∼22 TECU) around winter and summer. Furthermore, the residual ΔTEC = GTEC − ITEC was computed. It was evident that ΔTEC, which is believed to correspond to plasmaspheric electron content, showed a pronounced seasonal variation with maximum values (∼20 TECU) around equinoxes and minimum (∼5 TECU) around winter near solar maximum. The equivalent ionospheric and total slab thicknesses were also computed and comprehensively discussed. The results verified the use of UNB-IMT as one of the tools for future ionospheric TEC research over South Africa.     

低周疲劳寿命的试验研究

用GH33A钢制成圆柱形棒、鼓形平板和带中心孔平板3种试件进行拉-拉低循环试验。试验测定的疲劳寿命与采用局部应力-应变法预测的寿命结果符合较好。随着应力集中系数的增加,试验寿命与预测寿命之比有所增大。实验中,一次超载造成较大的寿命降低。由于较厚板缺口处存在双向应力-应变状态,较厚试件的疲劳寿命比较薄平板的寿命长。     

全流量补燃循环液氧/甲烷发动机系统分析

对全流量补燃循环液氧,甲烷发动机系统进行了分析研究。确定了初步的发动机系统方案,对发动机的系统参数、结构质量进行了分析计算。     

基于分段FOX方法的民航LTO黑碳质量排放清单计算分析

根据民用航空发动机压比提出分段FOX(formation and oxidation)方法,估算民用航空发动机LTO(landing and takeoff)循环黑碳(BC)颗粒质量排放指数,结合航空发动机机场实际运行时间和燃油流量修正,编制了2018年国内某国际机场某周国内民航航班黑碳颗粒质量排放清单。结果表明:考虑燃油流量修正的分段FOX方法对民用航空发动机慢车、进近等低工况的黑碳颗粒质量估算精度较FOX方法提高1~2倍,爬升、起飞等高工况估算值更接近实验值。考虑民航实际运行时间和燃油流量后,2018年此国际机场国内民航进出港LTO循环黑碳颗粒质量周排放量约300 kg,其中B737、A320等中型机离港(起飞和爬升阶段为主)阶段排放贡献超70%。