空心风扇叶片高循环疲劳异常失效分析

针对某空心风扇叶片试验件在高循环疲劳试验中出现的异常失效现象,完成了振动仿真分析和断口分析。仿真分析结果表明失效区域非应力集中部位,断口分析结果表明裂纹萌生于薄板与叶盆侧厚板交接部位,其失效模式为疲劳失效,失效机理为超塑成形环节局部区域薄板扭曲导致高循环疲劳试验中薄板与厚板发生摩擦,进而疲劳失效。基于以上分析,制定了优化超塑成形工艺参数并增加CT检测环节的改进措施。验证试验表明,改进措施有效,很好地解决了该异常失效问题。     

某空心风扇叶尖进气道封焊疲劳失效研究

针对某空心风扇叶片叶尖在高循环疲劳试验中异常失效的现象,应力分布测试和振动仿真分析表明应力集中部位与失效位置不符,断口分析结果表明裂纹萌生于叶尖的通气孔封焊部位,磨除进气道封焊层的叶片试验验证表明失效源于叶尖进气道焊接缺陷。基于失效机理分析及验证,确定失效源于加工环节焊接工艺选择不当且焊接控制不良,因此制定了更换封焊工艺为电子束焊和CT检测环节的改进措施。     

飞机着陆过程中非定常地面效应数值模拟方法

针对飞机着陆过程的大位移运动,提出适于多块结构动网格生成的改进谢别德-无限插值混合方法,改进谢别德方法准确计算各网格块的边界网格变形,无限插值方法快速计算内部网格点变形,结合局部重构保证动态网格的合理分布.混合方法有效解决了单一无限插值法存在的动网格交错问题.进而将二维非定常地面效应N-S方程计算方法发展至三维情形,应用于带增升装置的翼身组合体着陆过程中非定常地面效应计算分析.结果表明:模型的升力系数随离地高度的减小而减小,非定常和准定常计算方法的结果存在一定差异,而考虑了非定常效应的算法更为准确.     

变循环发动机核心机稳态性能计算模型修正方法

针对搭建的变循环发动机核心机稳态性能计算模型的计算结果与试验结果差距较大的问题,提出一种适用于该计算模型的修正方法。即先利用试验数据算出核心机性能参数,选择在模型中作为独立变量的参数代入计算模型,然后换用与这些参数有相关性的修正因子作为模型方程组的独立变量,通过修正因子在模型中的迭代求解实现性能模型的修正。修正前模型计算结果与试验结果最大相差约10%,修正后两者偏差在1%以内,验证了该方法的有效性和工程实用性。     

预冷空气涡轮火箭发动机氦循环系统的参数特性

针对预冷空气涡轮火箭发动机(PATR)方案,建立氦循环系统数学模型,模型考虑组件结构特征、几何尺寸、工质物性等主要因素。数值计算表明:PATR的推力和比冲性能较优,模型可描述发动机氦循环热力过程,其中发动机余气系数是影响发动机推力、比冲的关键参数。提高氦循环系统最高设计压力和降低空气预冷器氦进口温度可有效降低压力损失和氦压气机功率,最高压力每增大1MPa,系统平均压力损失下降1.1%,氦压气机输入功率下降3.2%;空气预冷器氦进口温度每升高1K,系统平均压力损失上升0.086%,氦压气机输入功率升高2.3%。     

直升机环境控制系统应用现状分析

为给我国直升机加装环控系统提供有益经验,文章总结了各类常见的机载制冷系统、制热系统,统计了典型直升机的环控系统形式,分析认为未来直升机环控系统发展趋势为蒸发循环制冷系统联合发动机引气加热系统。通过分析机载蒸发循环制冷系统中主要部件制冷压缩机、换热器及节流装置的性能要求,今后在选装机载蒸发循环制冷系统部件时,应优先考虑选用涡旋式压缩机、平行流换热器、电子膨胀阀。     

某型发动机第2级涡轮叶片低循环疲劳寿命分析

对改型后的某型发动机第2级涡轮叶片进行了热弹性有限元应力分析,结果表明在发动机各功率状态下,第2级涡轮叶片始终处于弹性应力范围,最大应力始终位于叶片和轮盘的交界部位;采用EGD-3应力标准中的应力疲劳分析方法,分别按假设的最好和最差的S-N曲线,估算了第2级涡轮叶片的低循环飞行小时寿命。     

适用于单频GPS用户的周跳探测方法

针对单频GPS(Global Position System)用户的载波相位周跳探测问题,在传统的载波相位和伪距组合方法的基础上提出了一种新的周跳探测方法.该方法将载波相位和码伪距的组合观测量在历元间做差形成差分序列,以此构造实时的周跳探测量,由于该探测量易受观测噪声的影响,因此使用仰角指数模型作为经验模型对于测距噪声进行估计,基于假设检验的方法,通过对该探测量是否超过相应的检测门限来判断是否存在周跳.在实测的GPS观测数据基础上,对这一方法进行了验证,结果表明:相对于传统的周跳探测方法,该方法可以更加及时、准确地发现较小的周跳,对于单频的GPS用户具有较好的适应性.      

Modeling ground and space based cosmic ray observations

After entering our local astrosphere (called the heliosphere), galactic cosmic rays, as charged particles, are affected by the Sun’s turbulent magnetic field. This causes their intensities to decrease towards the inner heliosphere, a process referred to as modulation. Over the years, cosmic ray modulation has been studied extensively at Earth, utilizing both ground and space based observations. Moreover, modelling cosmic ray modulation and comparing results with observations, insight can be gained into the transport of these particles, as well as offering explanations for observed features. We review some of the most prominent cosmic ray observations made near Earth, how these observations can be modelled and what main insights are gained from this modelling approach. Furthermore, a discussion on drifts, as one of the main modulation processes, are given as well as how drift effects manifest in near Earth observations. We conclude by discussing the contemporary challenges, fuelled by observations, which are presently being investigated. A main challenge is explaining observations made during the past unusual solar minimum.     

Comparison of GPS TEC measurements with IRI-2007 TEC prediction over the Kenyan region during the descending phase of solar cycle 23

This paper presents an analysis of the Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from the International GNSS Service receiver (formerly IGS) at Malindi (2.9°S, 40.1°E), Kenya for the periods 2004–2006 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of the TEC are compared with TEC from the latest International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-2007). The GPS–TEC exhibits features such as an equatorial noon time dip, semi-annual variations, Equatorial Ionization Anomaly and day-to-day variability. The lowest GPS–TEC values are observed near the June solstice and September equinox whereas largest values are observed near the March equinox and December solstice. The mean GPS–TEC values show a minimum at 03:00 UT and a peak value at about 10:00 UT. These results are compared with the TEC derived from IRI-2007 using the NeQuick option for the topside electron density (IRI–TEC). Seasonal mean hourly averages show that IRI-2007 model TEC values are too high for all the seasons. The high prediction primarily occur during daytime hours till around midnight hours local time for all the seasons, with the highest percentage deviation in TEC of more 90% seen in September equinox and lowest percentage deviation in TEC of less than 20% seen in March equinox. Unlike the GPS–TEC, the IRI–TEC does not respond to geomagnetic storms and does overestimate TEC during the recovery phase of the storm. While the modeled and observed data do correlate so well, we note that IRI-2007 model is strongly overestimating the equatorial ion fountain effect during the descending phase of solar cycle, and this could be the reason for the very high TEC estimations.