基于逆最优问题的最优制导律及特性分析

在典型的能量最优制导律基础上,将制导律的2个特征根从有限的点/线区域扩展到所有可能的正实根区域,进而提出制导律中的逆最优问题。详细讨论了逆最优问题中性能指标加权矩阵的构造过程,给出了加权矩阵和Riccati矩阵的计算公式;将控制权矩阵选为time-to-go的负n次幂的形式,对加权矩阵的求解进行了举例说明。对8组不同的特征根研究结果表明,尽管每一对可能的特征根取值都能找到最优解释,但这并不能保证与其对应的制导律都能达到与典型能量最优制导律类似的制导性能,特征根取值越靠近典型能量最优制导律,则相对应的制导特性也越接近。     

航天器舱体热密封结构多物理场耦合数值分析方法研究

综合考虑航天器舱体外围高超声速流动、密封带及舱体结构传热以及密封结构内部的空腔流动传热,提出航天器高温热密封结构的瞬态多物理场耦合分析方法。利用改进型Van Driest变换方法进行高超声速流动环境预测,基于高斯－赛德尔分块迭代耦合方法完成一体化耦合计算方法。采用包含不同材料结构部件的复合结构,计算了0～200 s内有无密封塞两种情况下的各部分结构的瞬态热传导过程。结果表明,密封塞的使用可显著降低空腔内的最高温度,瞬态变化情况的考虑更加准确地反映了各部分结构部件及内部空腔的温度变化情况。该文的计算方法可广泛应用于航天器热密封结构的传热特性分析,可为火箭等航天器上的高温密封部件设计提供有效的数值分析工具。     

航天飞行器热防护系统的一体化设计

航天飞行器进入大气层时经受强烈的气动加热,需借助于热防护系统以保护其免受气动热的伤害;飞行器机翼前缘和鼻罩是最高温区,该处的温差相当大,热防护措施尤其重要。作为热防护系统一方面要抵抗强热的冲击,另一方面要最大限度地减少气动热传入结构的内壁,这就对防热系统所用材料提出不同的要求。抗热冲击要求材料质密而隔热但又要求质轻,这就是矛盾所在。随着复合材料的发展,这对矛盾可以通过利用不同材料特性把防热系统分层来解决,从而导致一体化设计的概念和方法。本文利用热传导理论对两层结构的防热系统进行一体化设计分析。     

Design and analysis of an extended mission of CE-2: From lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region

Chang’E-2 (CE-2) has firstly successfully achieved the exploring mission from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region. In this paper, we discuss the design problem of transfer trajectory and at the same time analyze the visible segment of Tracking, Telemetry & Control (TT&C) system for this mission. Firstly, the four-body problem of Sun–Earth–Moon and Spacecraft can be decoupled in two different three-body problems (Sun–Earth + Moon Restricted Three-Body Problems (RTBPs) and Earth–Moon ephemeris model). Then, the transfer trajectory segments in different model are computed, respectively, and patched by Poincaré sections. The full-flight trajectory including transfer trajectory from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region and target Lissajous orbit is obtained by the differential correction method. Finally, the visibility of TT&C system at the key time is analyzed. Actual execution of CE-2 extended mission shows that the trajectory design of CE-2 mission is feasible.     

机载热管冷板振动与加速度试验研究

为了考察机载振动与加速度环境对热管冷板传热性能的影响,以不同结构形式的普通铜水热管冷板与微热管阵列冷板为研究对象,搭建振动与加速度试验台进行试验。试验结果表明:Z向振动与加速度较X向与Y向对热管冷板传热性能的影响大,但振动的影响基本可以忽略,微热管阵列冷板受加速度的影响大于双U型普通热管冷板;加速度量级的增加对热管冷板传热性能的影响较小;双U型普通热管冷板在振动与加速度条件下的性能最优。     

Broad-search algorithms for the spacecraft trajectory design of Callisto–Ganymede–Io triple flyby sequences from 2024 to 2040, Part II: Lambert pathfinding and trajectory solutions

Triple-satellite-aided capture employs gravity-assist flybys of three of the Galilean moons of Jupiter in order to decrease the amount of ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ required to capture a spacecraft into Jupiter orbit. Similarly, triple flybys can be used within a Jupiter satellite tour to rapidly modify the orbital parameters of a Jovicentric orbit, or to increase the number of science flybys. In order to provide a nearly comprehensive search of the solution space of Callisto–Ganymede–Io triple flybys from 2024 to 2040, a third-order, Chebyshev's method variant of the p-iteration solution to Lambert's problem is paired with a second-order, Newton–Raphson method, time of flight iteration solution to the _V∞$V_{\infty }$-matching problem. The iterative solutions of these problems provide the orbital parameters of the Callisto–Ganymede transfer, the Ganymede flyby, and the Ganymede–Io transfer, but the characteristics of the Callisto and Io flybys are unconstrained, so they are permitted to vary in order to produce an even larger number of trajectory solutions. The vast amount of solution data is searched to find the best triple-satellite-aided capture window between 2024 and 2040.     

某涡轮导向叶片换热实验与计算

针对某涡轮导向叶片,实验测量了光滑叶片表面的压力系数和速比系数,并使用瞬态液晶测量技术获得了叶片全表面传热系数分布.分别使用shear stress transport（SST）,k-ω,k-ε和renormalization group（RNG）k-ε四种湍流模型模拟了相同结构尺寸的叶栅通道内的流动与换热,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:压力面压力系数沿弧长方向逐渐下降,吸力面上压力系数先快速下降达到最小值后缓慢上升（出现逆压梯度）.叶栅通道和叶片表面附近气流流动结构的复杂性导致叶片表面传热系数分布较为复杂.4种湍流模型对压力系数和速比系数的计算结果相互差别不大,计算数据也比较接近实验值.关于叶片表面传热系数,SST模型计算结果分布规律与实验接近,而其他3种湍流模型都没有能模拟出吸力面边界层分离对换热的影响.      

On Lambert’s problem and the elliptic time of flight equation: A simple semi-analytical inversion method

In the two-body model, time of flight between two positions can be expressed as a single-variable function and a variety of formulations exist. Lambert’s problem can be solved by inverting such a function. In this article, a method which inverts Lagrange’s flight time equation and supports the problematic 180°$180°$ transfer is proposed. This method relies on a Householder algorithm of variable order. However, unlike other iterative methods, it is semi-analytical in the sense that flight time functions are derived analytically to second order vs. first order finite differences. The author investigated the profile of Lagrange’s elliptic flight time equation and its derivatives with a special focus on their significance to the behaviour of the proposed method and the stated goal of guaranteed convergence. Possible numerical deficiencies were identified and dealt with. As a test, 28 scenarios of variable difficulty were designed to cover a wide variety of geometries. The context of this research being the orbit determination of artificial satellites and debris, the scenarios are representative of typical such objects in Low-Earth, Geostationary and Geostationary Transfer Orbits. An analysis of the computational impact of the quality of the initial guess vs. that of the order of the method was also done, providing clues for further research and optimisations (e.g. asteroids, long period comets, multi-revolution cases). The results indicate fast to very fast convergence in all test cases, they validate the numerical safeguards and also give a quantitative assessment of the importance of the initial guess.     

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

A robust semi-analytic method to solve the minimum ΔV two-impulse rendezvous problem

A novel semi-analytic approach is developed to determine the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ for a two-impulse rendezvous and validated both empirically and analytically. A previously published closed-form $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimate and the Lambert minimum energy transfer is used to establish upper and lower bounds of the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ transfer between two orbits. These bounds, in conjunction with the bisection method, operate on a nonlinear radical cost function to guarantee linear convergence. This approach has several real world applications including a low earth orbit (LEO) to highly elliptical orbit (HEO), and a HEO to retrograde geosynchronous orbit transfer. The minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimates are better than those reported in the existing literature, while run times improved as much as two orders of magnitude over a fixed time Lambert solver. All singularity cases were addressed such that any orbital geometry, including Hohmann and radial elliptic transfers, converged to the global minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. This approach will work for both coplanar and non-coplanar 3D geometries for any orbit type.