Activities of the COSPAR Panel on Exploration supporting the Global Exploration Roadmap

The Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) is driven by several goals and objectives that include space science, the search for life as well as preparatory science activities to enable human space exploration. The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), through its Commissions and Panels provides an international forum that supports and promotes space exploration worldwide. COSPAR's Panel on Exploration (PEX) investigates a stepwise approach of preparatory research on Earth and in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to facilitate a future global space exploration program. We summarize recent activities and workshops of PEX in support of the GER.     

基于单目三维重构的空间非合作目标相对测量

为了解决非合作目标的相对测量问题,提出了一种基于单目图像序列目标重构结果的非合作目标相对位姿测量方法。该方法将目标的三维重构与相机的位姿信息计算相结合,首先利用观测前期得到的图像序列,通过非线性优化算法计算得到目标上部分三维点坐标;然后基于该三维点集合,建立递推深度模型,对相机的相对位姿信息和新观测到的目标点同时进行卡尔曼滤波估计。航拍测量试验表明,随着图片数量的增多,精确重构点的比例（重投影误差小于1个像素的点）不断提高,80%的图像中精确重构点比例优于89%;基于公共数据集的试验表明,该算法对姿态估算精度可达1°以内,位置测量的精度可达到2cm以内。以上试验结果表明,该算法具有较高的测量精度。     

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.     

China’s Aviation Industry: a Global Partnership Strategy

This article discusses one of the main strategies which China has implemented to develop its competency in the aviation field. It is strategic for China to boost its aviation industry via international cooperation and several models of involvement into the global aviation value chain with leading aviation industries. As it is depicted as a strategy here, it is not necessary to say that a formal strong national strategy in encouraging exists. Actually, it is clearly a way China’s aero industry takes to develop its competency and business at the context it encounters. From an observer’s perspective, it is indeed a critical strategy. This article describes this strategy via the context, policies, program cases, as well as the evolution of the cooperation models in order to synthesize the strategy.     

高职院校实施工学结合人才培养模式面临的问题与对策

工学结合是高职教育改革与发展的方向,工学结合人才培养模式是高职教育的生命线。大力推进校企合作、创新实践工学结合人才培养模式的有效实施方案、探索适合高职院校发展的新思路,是实现高职院校服务社会需求的重要任务。本文分析了我国高等职业教育工学结合的现状及其影响因素,以西安航空职业技术学院为例构建了工学结合人才培养模式的运行体系,提出了实施工学结合的实践策略。     

“国际空间站”建造十年经验初探

就＂国际空间站＂边建造、边应用十年来所获得的经验与教训,从系统设备、居住环境、物资补给、作息制度、健康保障、人的作用、出舱活动及国际合作8个方面进行了简要的论述,对后来的空间站建设及未来的长期载人航天飞行具有重要的参考价值。     

国家社会经济发展的国际比较与评价

提出了正确评价中国社会的发展和进步是很重要的，简要介绍了国际组织，学者进行国际比较所采和的几种主要方法，着重介绍了用社会进步指数方法来确定１９８０年、１９８６年中国在亚洲的地位，社会进步指数包括七个方面的１９年指标，用非加权和加权两种方法分别计算各国的社会进步指数，在计算加权的社会进步指数中采用了主分量分析方法来确定权数，该方法避免了人们的主观因素，提高了计算的准确度，非加权方法的计算结果表明，中     

谈合作策略在英语教学中的应用

本文从合作学习论的观点出发,阐述了在英语教学中如何实现师生互动、生生互动和师师合作。最后强调了师师合作的必要性以及实施办法。     

多边比较中G-K系统的存在性和唯一性研究

在进行国际比较问题研究中,人们经常使用著名的G-K系统方法,然而关于该方法是否存在唯一的正解一直是经济学家们争论的问题.本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对该问题进行了深入、广泛地探讨,获得了关于购买力平价国际多边比较中G-K方法的唯一正解的存在性和唯一性若干个等价条件,并指出了Prasada的文献中论证该问题的错误.另外,本文还研究了G-K系统的唯一正解的自动生成问题,并对此作出了经济学解释.      

和平利用空间技术国际合作的现状和前景

本文较详细地介绍了当前应用最广和最成熟的三种空间技术:电信、气象、遥感领域中的国际合作的现状和发展趋势;并指出发展中国家在其现有的科技基础上,通过国际合作,培养一批空间技术和管理人才,配以适当的地面设施,就可获取空间技术所能带来的利益。