基于虚拟载荷校准试验的襟翼曲柄测载方法

飞行载荷测量是验证飞机结构完整性，完成飞机定型必需的试验项目。基于应变法的飞行载荷测量方法通过地面校准试验构建应变与加载载荷之间的对应关系，然后将飞行实测应变代入载荷模型求得飞行载荷。某型飞机襟翼驱动曲柄几何外形不规则，具有轴向弯折、截面非对称等特点，载荷测量存在困难。基于该襟翼驱动曲柄的运动机理及襟翼操纵机构的传力路径研究，对曲柄进行受力分析，提出曲柄载荷测量方法，并利用虚拟载荷校准试验的手段对本方法进行验证。结果表明，本文方法是正确、有效的。     

基于神经网络的飞机襟翼机构磨损失效判据确定方法

飞机襟翼使用过程中存在失效判据不易确定的问题,目前襟翼机构滑轨滑轮磨损间隙许用量主要是通过试验及使用统计数据分析确定。针对新研机构缺乏试验及使用数据的问题,通过对影响磨损间隙最大许用量的因素分析,提出应用神经网络学习确定襟翼滑轨滑轮间隙最大许用量的预测方法。算例验证表明,运用神经网络方法预测得到的滑轨滑轮架的间隙最大许...     

富勒襟翼外形的参数化建模及优化

富勒襟翼能够产生比普通单缝襟翼更大的升力增量,而且比双缝和多缝襟翼结构简单、活动部件少,更有利与气动优化,在现代民用飞机上有着越来越多的应用。本文使用二次曲线分段构造富勒襟翼的几何外形,使用SST-k-ω湍流模型对气动网格模型进行数值模拟,以此为基础优化襟翼的几何外形来提高襟翼的升力增量,并对襟翼外形优化前后的计算结果进行了分析。研究结果表明,通过优化富勒襟翼外形,可以提高襟翼头部的吸力峰值,进而提高对主翼环量诱导作用,使得两段翼型的升力系数增加。基于CFD流场显示,可以发现由于襟翼缝道流动对襟翼气流的分离起到抑制作用,因此随着两段翼型迎角的适当增加,反而可以改善襟翼上方气流的分离情况。     

Aerodynamic optimization and mechanism design of flexible variable camber trailing-edge flap

Trailing-edge flap is traditionally used to improve the takeoff and landing aerodynamic performance of aircraft.In order to improve flight efficiency during takeoff,cruise and landing states,the flexible variable camber trailing-edge flap is introduced,capable of changing its shape smoothly from 50% flap chord to the rear of the flap.Using a numerical simulation method for the case of the GA(W)-2 airfoil,the multi-objective optimization of the overlap,gap,deflection angle,and bending angle of the flap under takeoff and landing configurations is studied.The optimization results show that under takeoff configuration,the variable camber trailing-edge flap can increase lift coefficient by about 8% and lift-to-drag ratio by about 7% compared with the traditional flap at a takeoff angle of 8°.Under landing configuration,the flap can improve the lift coefficient at a stall angle of attack about 1.3%.Under cruise state,the flap helps to improve the lift-todrag ratio over a wide range of lift coefficients,and the maximum increment is about 30%.Finally,a corrugated structure–eccentric beam combination bending mechanism is introduced in this paper to bend the flap by rotating the eccentric beam.     

A300-600飞机前缘缝翼故障排除

介绍了A300—600飞机前缘缝翼系统的工作原理,对于航线维护中出现的典型故障进行了详细的分析,简述了故障的排除方法,给出了提高该系统可靠性的维护建议。     

Morphing wing flaps for large civil aircraft: Evolution of a smart technology across the Clean Sky program

Morphing wing structures are widely considered among the most promising technologies for the improvement of aerodynamic performances in large civil aircraft. The controlled adaptation of the wing shape to external operative conditions naturally enables the maximization of aircraft aerodynamic efficiency, with positive fallouts on the amount of fuel burned and pollutant emissions. The benefits brought by morphing wings at aircraft level are accompanied by the criticalities of the enabling technologies, mainly involving weight penalties, overconsumption of electrical power, and safety issues. The attempt to solve such criticalities passes through the development of novel design approaches, ensuring the consolidation of reliable structural solutions that are adequately mature for certification and in-flight operations. In this work, the development phases of a multimodal camber morphing wing flap, tailored for large civil aircraft applications, are outlined with specific reference to the activities addressed by the author in the framework of the Clean Sky program.The flap is morphed according to target shapes depending on aircraft flight conditions and defined to enhance high-lift performances during takeoff and landing, as well as wing aerodynamic efficiency during cruise. An innovative system based on finger-like robotic ribs driven by electromechanical actuators is proposed as morphing-enabling technology; the maturation process of the device is then traced from the proof of concept to the consolidation of a true-scale demonstrator for pre-flight ground validation tests. A step-by-step approach involving the design and testing of intermediate demonstrators is then carried out to show the compliance of the adaptive system with industrial standards and safety requirements. The technical issues encountered during the development of each intermediate demonstrator are critically analyzed, and justifications are provided for all the adopted engineering solutions. Finally, the layout of the true-scale demonstrator is presented, with emphasis on the architectural strengths, enabling the forthcoming validation in real operative conditions.     

螺旋桨滑流对简单襟翼吹气控制的影响

为探究螺旋桨滑流对无缝简单襟翼吹气控制的影响,设计了集成吹气系统和螺旋桨的高升力翼型模型,开展了简单襟翼吹气控制的测压和粒子图像测速仪(PIV)流场测试试验,在不同拉力系数下,研究了定常吹气和脉冲吹气对模型不同展向截面的控制效果。结果表明:滑流影响下控制效果具有明显的三维效应,在相同吹气动量系数下,滑流强度较大的截面具有较高的吹气控制效率;对于脉冲吹气,滑流强度较小时,基于襟翼弦长的最佳无量纲频率约为0.31;在最佳频率的吹气可在较低动量系数下实现较大的增升量;最佳频率受滑流强度影响明显。研究结果对高效的吹气襟翼设计提供了试验依据,提出了螺旋桨滑流影响下的吹气襟翼设计建议。      

Gurney襟翼在某型靶机上的应用

通过改变Gurney襟翼的高度,在风洞中研究了Gurney襟翼对某型靶机气动特性的影响.实验中襟翼高度为0.83%c~4.2％c(c为靶机机翼根弦长).无侧滑时Gurney襟翼可以在中小攻角下增加靶机的升力,使靶机最大升阻比对应的攻角提前.除4.2％c襟翼外,其余高度的襟翼在中小攻角下可以提高靶机的升阻比和最大升阻比.有侧滑时,在纵向上Gurney襟翼对靶机气动特性的影响和无侧滑时类似,但在横航向上,随着襟翼高度的增加,滚转力矩增加,偏航力矩则在襟翼高度为0.83%c~3.3％c时增加,而襟翼高度为4.2％c时急剧降低.Gurney襟翼对靶机气动特性的影响存在最佳高度,实验发现在襟翼高度为1.7％c时,能够在靶机力矩变化较小的情况下,提高飞机的升力和最大升阻比.     

加装格尼襟翼旋翼的直升机飞行性能

为研究加装格尼襟翼旋翼的直升机飞行性能,建立了加装格尼襟翼旋翼的直升机飞行动力学模型。采用UH-60A直升机试飞数据验证了计算模型的正确性。在此基础上,分析了样例直升机加装格尼襟翼后重量系数、格尼襟翼高度、沿径向位置和加装方式对旋翼需用功率的影响,以及加装格尼襟翼后旋翼桨叶剖面迎角分布、旋翼操纵量和机身姿态角的变化等。研究表明,直升机在重量系数较大的状态下高速前飞时,旋翼加装格尼襟翼能够明显降低直升机的需用功率,且加装转动格尼襟翼的效果优于加装固定格尼襟翼。功率降低幅值随格尼襟翼高度的增加先增加后减小。格尼襟翼在桨叶上布置的位置越靠近桨尖,其对需用功率的影响越大。直升机在重量系数较大的状态下高速前飞时,加装格尼襟翼能够使旋翼后行侧最大迎角显著减小。加装格尼襟翼后旋翼总距和纵横向周期变距减小。     

GAW-1翼型前后缘变弯度气动性能研究

传统增升装置主要用于提高飞机起降气动性能。利用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,引入了通用飞机翼型的前后缘变弯装置的概念,数值模拟了GAW-1翼型在爬升状态时,前缘变弯装置、后缘襟翼/副翼偏转以及前后缘装置综合偏转对翼型气动特性的影响。研究表明,前缘变弯装置可以有效地改善翼型的失速特性,失速迎角提高了3°左右,最大升力系数提高了4.56%;同时提高升阻比50%~120%;但在设计升力系数下,升力系数和阻力系数都略微减小。另一方面,后缘变弯装置可以改变最大升阻比所对应的迎角,以及在小迎角时,提高升力系数6%左右。翼型综合偏转可以在小迎角时增加升力系数,在大迎角时增加升阻比。