多操纵面飞机舵面损伤的快速故障诊断

针对多操纵面飞机舵面损伤的快速故障诊断问题,提出一种直接估计舵面偏转量的自适应补偿观测器方法。首先,设计了增广观测器进行系统输入估计,并提出了自适应补偿方法解决其动态跟踪性能差的问题;其次,设计了一种新的自适应阈值以快速检测故障并降低虚警率;最后,利用舵面故障特点,采用重置初值的限定记忆最小二乘方法实现了对突变参数的实时估计,用以进行故障隔离。仿真结果表明:在不同的舵面损伤故障情况下,所提出的观测器方法能在20 ms内发出故障预警,并在0.22 s内确定故障位置,所采用的辨识方法可以在故障报警后的0.2 s内准确估计出损伤程度。     

复杂结构部件概率疲劳寿命预测方法与模型

针对多部位损伤(MSD)复杂结构部件的疲劳寿命预测问题,通过定义损伤临界值随机变量,分析、讨论了寿命概率分布、损伤概率分布、损伤临界值概率分布的属性及其之间的关系,研究了概率损伤累积原理,提出确定累积损伤临界值概率分布的方法,建立了概率累积损伤准则。基于多层次统计分析技术和系统层可靠性建模原理,构建了复杂结构部件的概率寿命预测模型;通过各关键部位的损伤累积和结构系统的失效概率计算,实现了复杂结构部件概率疲劳寿命预测,通过典型算例展示了方法及模型的应用。     

基于流固热耦合模型的并行电弧损伤影响分析

电弧故障可以释放很高的能量,对周围一定距离的物体和导线造成危害,其产生的热量甚至可以引起火灾。首先,理论分析电弧的能量在管路上的分配及其造成的影响,使用流固热耦合的数值计算方法,用于模拟流体和固体之间的实时热量交换。建立了有限元模型,对电弧损伤影响进行数值仿真研究,建立了电弧能量分配方程。最后,分析了直流28 V和交流115 V供电条件下的电弧损伤影响程度,验证了所建立的电弧能量分配方程的预测能力。仿真结果表明：电弧故障使得金属发生相变,其损伤影响程度与电弧功率系数、能量耗散因数等有关;当电弧功率增大后,管路相变吸收的能量所占电弧总能量的比重就越大;电弧功率系数是一个与管路和电弧位置间距有关的指数函数。     

Multiscale modeling of mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of 3D angle-interlock woven aluminum composites subjected to warp/weft directional tension loading

The mechanical behavior and progressive damage mechanism of novel aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 3D angle-interlock woven carbon fibers were investigated using a multiscale modeling approach. The mechanical properties and failure of yarns were evaluated using a microscale model under different loading scenarios. On this basis, a mesoscale model was developed to analyze the tensile behavior and failure mechanism of the composites. The interfacial decohesion, matrix damage, and failure of fibers and yarns were incorporated into the microscopic and mesoscopic models. The stress–strain curves and fracture modes from simulation show good agreement with the experimental curves and fracture morphology. Local interface and matrix damage initiate first under warp directional tension. Thereafter, interfacial failure, weft yarn cracking, and matrix failure occur successively. Axial fracture of warp yarn, which displays a quasi-ductile fracture characteristic, dominates the ultimate composites failure. Under weft directional tension, interfacial failure and warp yarn rupture occur at the early and middle stages. Matrix failure and weft yarn fracture emerge simultaneously at the final stage, leading to the cata-strophic failure of composites. The weft directional strength and fracture strain are lower than the warp directional ones because of the lower weft density and the more serious brittle fracture of weft yarns.     

Principles and methods for determining calendar life and corrosion tolerance of mechanical parts

In order to facilitate the determination of the calendar life of mechanical parts, the author summarized his relevant research papers that had studied for many years as eight distinct topics: (A). The principle and method for compiling the equal-damage temperature and humidity spectrum; (B). The principle for preparing the high concentration medium solution; (C). The principle and method for determining the metal calendar life; (D). The principle and method for determining the protective coating calendar life; (E). The principle and method for determining the total calendar life; (F). The principle of the reliability processing; (G). The principle and method for determining the corrosion damage tolerance; (H). The principle and matching design method to ensure that the total fatigue life and the total calendar life of the mechanical part were safe simultaneously. The above contents established a complete set of theoretical systems and methods for determining the calendar life.     

低利用率下民机结构维修间隔确定模型

制定民用飞机结构维修大纲的核心内容之一是确定结构维修间隔,现有的分析模型普遍没有综合考虑民机利用率对维修间隔各指标的影响。以民机在环境损伤下的金属结构维修间隔为研究背景,综合考虑利用率对确定结构维修间隔各个指标的影响,应用K-means算法和AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process）-熵值法,建立了一种某型国产民机低利用率下金属结构环境损伤维修间隔的确定模型,并通过选取相似机型的典型结构进行了实例验证。分析结果表明：所建模型与飞机利用率匹配关系良好,符合工程实际,在一定程度上解决了国产民机制定维修大纲的过程中,由于缺少运营数据和维修数据而导致维修间隔的确定偏于主观的问题。     

攻击机对海作战目标分配研究

针对攻击机对海作战时攻击资源分配问题,建立了攻击机编队对敌舰艇编队防空火力进行突防的模型,得到了舰艇编队中每一个目标在不同攻击强度下被毁伤的期望,利用动态规划方法确定了在毁伤期望最大情况下攻击机对舰艇的目标分配策略。     

基于响应面法的鸟撞风扇叶片损伤预测

有限元模拟鸟撞风扇叶片损伤成本高,为解决工程问题,采用经典叶栅鸟撞切割模型建立了鸟撞风扇叶片动载荷数学模型,结合鸟撞部件试验结果,以拟合技术明确风扇叶片损伤程度与最大关键动载荷计算值间的函数关系,形成叶片损伤预测响应面,实现对鸟撞风扇叶片损伤的快速预测,并建立基于响应面法的鸟撞风扇叶片损伤预测工作流程。结合涡扇发动机吞鸟试验技术要求、风扇结构设计特征及已开展的鸟撞部件试验结果,建立叶片损伤预测响应面,初步识别2种鸟撞方案的径向弯曲、弦向弯曲,并计算撕裂范围分别不超过0.3867和0.3941,撕裂与弦向弯曲相关性显著,呈抛物线变化趋势。结果表明：预测的损伤在可接受的安全性水平范围内,预测方法能够识别损伤范围及趋势,可为后续鸟撞有限元模拟、试验策划、安全性分析、风扇叶片抗鸟撞设计等工作提供量化的技术支持。     

空间粒子辐射对卫星中集成芯片的影响

本文分析了在“风云一号(B)”气象卫星环境中各种粒子辐射在集成芯片临界体积中产生的能量沉积, 即LET(线性能量传输);得到了银河宇宙线1≤Z≤28、银河宇宙线异常成分(C、N、O、Ne、Ar、Fe)、内辐射带质子等产生的LET, 计算了其分别产生的单粒于事件(SEU)翻转率。