周向收敛型动压式指尖密封的结构优化及其动态性能仿真

周向收敛型动压式指尖密封是一种可用于航空发动机的非接触式柔性气封.根据周向收敛型动压式指尖密封的工作性能要求,提出密封性能优化数学模型.采用人工神经网络和遗传算法相结合的优化方法,通过建立反向传播(BP)神经网络确定设计变量与目标函数之间的隐含关系,再利用遗传算法对周向收敛型动压式指尖密封进行结构参数优化,获得了性能较...     

离心压气机进口导叶尾迹的形态、输运及与叶轮流场的相互影响

采用数值模拟方法研究了跨声速离心压气机进口导叶与叶轮的静/动叶排相互影响作用,研究包括三种几何间距模型及对同一间距模型使用了两种不同的转静子交界面位置设定.计算结果表明:交界面位置的设定对混合平面法定常计算性能会产生较大影响,对非定常性能影响很小;叶排间距大小对级性能影响几乎可以忽略,但间距减小会造成流场内压力波动增大;叶轮激波使叶轮对导叶流场的影响几倍甚至十几倍大于导叶对叶轮流场的影响,且激波的影响作用使导叶压力面、吸力面侧压力波动由不同的原因造成.      

三级压缩楔前缘半径对壁面静压及热流分布影响研究

为了研究三级压缩楔前缘半径对壁面静压和热流分布的影响,在0.6m激波风洞上开展了试验测量,模型长约0.6m前缘半径为0mm3mm试验名义马赫数为5.98。研究结果表明,试验得到的壁面静压和热流数据重复性很好。采用Fluent软件进行了二维和三维流场参数辅助模拟分析,三种不同湍流模型获得的壁面静压分布差别不大,均与试验结果吻合较好;不同湍流模型获得的壁面热流分布差异较大,采用标准k-ε模型得到的结果与试验吻合较好。试验和数值模拟结果均表明,在第二和第三压缩面上,经过激波后,壁面静压逐渐上升到一个压强平台;壁面热流逐渐上升到一个局部极大值,然后在同一压缩面持续下降。随前缘半径增加,壁面静压和壁面热流整体减小,压强平台值和热流局部极大值也减小,而达到压强平台和热流局部极大值需要的长度增加,显示激波边界层干扰影响区域增大。     

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.     

火箭发动机燃气射流驱动液柱降噪实验

为了研究单兵火箭燃气射流噪声抑制的方法,设计了液体水柱放置在尾管中,采用高速摄影系统观察了高温高压燃气驱动液体水柱在大气环境中的扩散过程,并对气液混合物射流噪声声压进行了测量,对比了有无液体水柱两种状态下射流的测试结果.实验结果表明,在尾管中放置液体水柱后,由于气液之间的相互作用,改变了燃气射流流场结构以及降低了射流特征参数.通过与无液体水柱的燃气射流对比,发现有液体水柱时整个测点区域的噪声声压级峰值均有较大幅度的降低,且地面对声波的反射也减弱,噪声声压级峰值随着测点偏离射流中心轴线角度的增大而逐渐减小.因此,放置液体水柱后起到了明显的降噪效果,在偏离角为45°位置声压级峰值降低了6.4dB,验证了此方案的可行性.      

From the Solar Wind to the Magnetospheric Substorm

This paper gives a brief outline of the progression from the first substorm model developed in Ref.[4] and
[8] based on Kennel's ideas[3], to the present views about the mechanism by which solar wind kinetic energy is converted to electromagnetic energy at the Bow Shock and by which this energy is transferred to the magnetosphere in the form of current; about the transformation of the energy of this current to gas kinetic energy of convecting plasma tubes, and, finally, the back transformation of gas kinetic energy to electromagnetic energy in secondary magnetospheric MHD generators. The questions of the formation of the magnetospheric convection system, the nature of substorm break-up, and of the matching of currents in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system are discussed.     

Unsteady Flow Variability Driven by Rotor-stator Interaction at Rotor Exit

Numerical investigation of the unsteady flow variability driven by rotorstator interaction in a transonic axial compressor is performed. Two models with close and far axial gap between rotor and stator rows are studied in the simulation. Particular attention is attached to the analysis of mechanisms involved in driving rotor wake oscillation, rotor wake skewing and flow angle fluctuation at rotor exit. The results show that smaller axial gap is favorable to enhance the interaction in the region between two adjacent rows, and the fluctuation of the static pressure difference between two sides of rotor wake is improved by potential field from down stator, which is the driving force for rotor wake oscillation. The interaction between rotor and stator is weakened by increasing axial distance, rotor wake shifts to suction side of rotor blade with 5%-10% of rotor pitch, the absolute value of flow angle at rotor exit is less than that in the case of close interspace for every time step, and the fluctuation amplitude is also decreased.     

A Robotic TeleoperationSystem for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics, especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop. It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence. In this paper, a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established. The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom (DOFs) force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction. The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation. The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module, and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state. Besides,a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations. The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments, and high-precision results are obtained, showing the effectiveness of the physical system.     

跨声速和超声速流中激波/边界层干扰数值模拟

对SST湍流模型中的Bradshaw常数a1进行了修正,并对跨声速和超声速流中激波/边界层干扰进行了数值模拟研究,空间离散采用二阶精度差值的低耗散通量分裂格式(LDFSS),时间离散采用对称高斯-赛德尔(SGS)算法。结果表明:在跨声速流动中,计算得到的壁面压力分布、分离区长度和速度剖面都与实验值吻合较好,而且很好地模拟了典型的λ激波结构;在超声速流动中,修正后模型的计算精度较原始模型有了较大改善,计算得到壁面压力分布和分离点的位置都和实验值吻合较好。     

多机起降旋翼间气动干扰数值模拟研究

以多架直升机近距离起降为研究背景,采用基于运动嵌套网格技术的计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法开展旋翼间的气动干扰研究,重点分析了旋翼间距和环境风速对旋翼升力系数和扭矩系数的影响。数值分析结果表明,旋翼之间的气动干扰对上风位置旋翼的影响较小,但会导致下风位置旋翼的升力系数降低,扭矩系数增加,且其影响随着旋翼间距的增加而降低,随着环境风速的增加而增加。