涡轮导向器排气面积测量与分析

针对航空发动机涡轮导向器喉道面积科研生产的需求,研究发动机涡轮导向器喉道面积测量方法,解决发动机涡轮导向器喉道面积测量技术问题,满足发动机型号计量的需求,为航空发动机研制提供有力的保障.     

基于B-P本构模型的涡轮盘应力分析

针对Bodner-Partom统一粘塑性本构方程,采用Euler前差显式积分方法,编制了用户子程序,把该本构方程结合进了大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,进行了一维和二维的算例验证,并针对某涡轮盘进行了三维应力分析。该程序可考虑材料变形的率相关、循环加载等情况,适用于航空发动机高温部件非线性结构分析。      

某发动机空中停车事件的失效分析

对一台发生空中停车的发动机进行了现场分解调查和实验室分析工作。分解发现肇事件是1组低压涡轮4级(LPT4)静子叶片,该叶片组因固定沟槽断裂而向后翘起打断所有LPT4转子叶片,并将低压涡轮部分5级(LPT5)和全部6级(LPT6)叶片打断。宏观和微观观察表明断裂的LPT4静子叶片均属于高周疲劳断裂,疲劳断裂的主要原因是固定沟槽内倒角过小。有限元法分析结果表明叶片倒角过小降低了叶片抵抗振动应力的能力;影像法测量结果表明内倒角不符合厂家的技术要求;金相分析表明内倒角不符合技术要求的原因是该处曾进行过焊修和再加工,属修理不当造成的。     

基于直升机/发动机非线性综合仿真模型的增广LQR控制器设计

构建了UH-60A直升机六自由度非定常、非线性气动力模型以及完整的直升机/涡轴发动机非线性综合仿真模型.使用增广LQR方法设计了直升机飞行控制器,包线内大量仿真结果及与H_∞控制器效果的对比表明该控制器解耦性能、指令跟踪性能优越,鲁棒性强.此外,该控制器设计过程简单和调参方便.借助上述综合仿真模型研究了发动机闭环系统与直升机的功率匹配关系,数字仿真表明:发动机能够满足直升机机常规飞行任务下的功率需求,功率涡轮转速下垂量满足直升机飞行操纵品质规范(ADS-33E)的要求.      

船用燃气轮机间冷器流路的数值计算分析

借助计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟技术,实现了船用燃气轮机间冷器整个流路的总压损失分析.数值模拟计算中针对间冷器模块采用了等效流通面积和等效换热效果的方法,有效解决了整个流道计算间冷器建模问题.数值模拟计算结果表明,CFD数值模拟技术可以有效的分析包括间冷器在内的整个流路的流场细节,改善间冷器的流路设计.CFD数值模拟技术与间冷换热器设计技术的结合,可以有效提高船用燃气轮机间冷器整个流路的优化设计水平.      

新型无阻流板反推装置流场结构和影响参数研究

应用CFD数值模拟技术,分析了基于二次流喷射的无阻流板涡扇发动机反推控制机理,并详细分析了二次流喷射的压力、位置、角度及喷流缝宽度对流场结构和反推性能的影响。在计算模型中没有考虑反推导叶,为此,用与反推力成正比的参数,即反推质量流量比来衡量性能的优劣。计算结果表明:二次流喷射压力、位置和角度是影响反推性能的重要参数,并且在一定的风扇涵道流下,存在最佳的二次流喷射位置、角度和压力;而二次流喷射缝宽度在一定范围内对反推性能影响不大。     

水下超声速过膨胀燃气射流的流场特性

为研究水下超声速过膨胀燃气射流的流场特性,在压力水筒中开展了大扩张比锥形喷管的固体火箭发动机水下点火实验,并基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方法和流体体积（VOF）模型进行数值求解,分析了过膨胀燃气射流与水介质的相互作用过程。研究表明：超声速过膨胀燃气建立射流通道后,射流核心区长度随喷管落压比的减少而减少;射流核心区剧烈振荡,表现为高频的膨胀和收缩,振荡频率随喷管落压比的减小而增加,范围为100~200 Hz;射流边界不断振荡,并伴随波系结构变化,当过膨胀程度较大时,激波进入喷管使其发生流动分离现象,流动分离点周期性往复移动;分离区内压力脉动没有显著的特征频率,主要集中在100~600 Hz的宽频带,锥形喷管水下流动分离的简易判据为喷管出口压力不低于环境背压的0.44倍。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

可调汽蚀文氏管试验研究

通过对两种可调汽蚀文氏管的试验研究,掌握了其流量调节性能和流量特性,获得了可调汽蚀文氏管的针锥具体位置与其流量的对应关系,解决了试验过程中遇到的滚珠丝杠自锁、电机调节精度和可重复性较差的问题。所得结果为可调汽蚀文氏管的实际应用奠定了基础。     

富氢/富氧燃气气-气喷嘴热试

针对全流量补燃循环发动机气-气燃烧关键技术,设计了以气动谐振点火器为点火装置的气氢/气氧富氧预燃室、气氢/气氧富氢预燃室和气-气喷嘴燃烧室,开展了同轴剪切喷嘴气-气燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明,试验方案设计合理,系统稳定可靠,气-气喷嘴燃烧效率最高达到97.2%。随氧喷注器压降增加,燃烧室壁面的热载荷增加,燃烧效率降低。